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Related Concept Videos

Infection01:20

Infection

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
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Adherens Junctions01:24

Adherens Junctions

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Strong contact points between adjacent cells anchor them to each other, forming tissues. Such anchoring junctions are of two types –  adherens junctions and desmosomes. Adherens junctions are abundant in tissues such as  epithelium and endothelium, forming a continuous zone of adhesion called the adhesion belt. In other tissues, such as  heart muscle, they appear as clusters, linking the cells to produce coordinated heart muscle contraction.
Adherens Junctions are Dynamic
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
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Colonisation of Pathogens01:25

Colonisation of Pathogens

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Pathogen colonization of host tissues is a critical step in the development of infectious diseases. Various pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa, have evolved complex strategies to attach to, invade, and persist within host environments. These mechanisms enable pathogens to establish infections, evade immune responses, and resist antimicrobial treatments.Attachment to Host CellsIn bacteria, colonization typically begins with adherence to host epithelial...
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Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria01:10

Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria

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Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a...
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Reservoir of Infection01:30

Reservoir of Infection

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Infectious diseases arise from intricate interactions between pathogens and their reservoirs. A reservoir of infection refers to the natural habitat where a pathogen lives, grows, and multiplies, serving as a continual source of infection. Reservoirs are broadly classified as either living or nonliving, and each plays a unique role in disease transmission, significantly influencing public health interventions and control strategies.Humans act as reservoirs for a wide array of pathogens,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

A Multi-well Format Polyacrylamide-based Assay for Studying the Effect of Extracellular Matrix Stiffness on the Bacterial Infection of Adherent Cells
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Dynamic stabilization: a nidus for infection?

Ira M Goldstein1, Nitin Agarwal, Antonios Mammis

  • 1Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School , Newark, New Jersey , USA.

The International Journal of Neuroscience
|March 28, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dynamic stabilization for lumbar fusion shows a significantly higher infection risk (30%) compared to standard instrumented fusion (2.3%). This suggests standard fusion is safer regarding deep wound infections.

Keywords:
dynamic stabilizationhardware removalinfectionposterior lumbar fusion

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Area of Science:

  • Spine surgery
  • Orthopedic surgery
  • Biomaterials

Background:

  • Dynamic stabilization preserves motion, unlike standard instrumented fusion (IF).
  • Standard IF uses titanium implants with a reported infection rate of 0.2%–7%.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare deep wound infection rates between dynamic stabilization and standard IF.
  • To evaluate the need for hardware removal due to infection in both groups.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 142 patients undergoing posterior lumbar stabilization.
  • Comparison of infection rates in 10 patients with dynamic stabilization versus 132 patients with standard IF.

Main Results:

  • Dynamic stabilization had a 30% deep wound infection rate, with 20% requiring hardware removal.
  • Standard IF had a 2.3% deep wound infection rate, with hardware removal in 2.3% of patients.
  • Dynamic stabilization showed a significantly increased risk of deep wound infection (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions:

  • Dynamic stabilization is associated with a higher infection rate than standard IF.
  • The polycarbonate urethane spacer in dynamic stabilization may promote bacterial growth.
  • Standard titanium implants are inert, potentially reducing infection risk.