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Characterizing tuberculosis genotype clusters along the United States-Mexico border.
1Epidemic Intelligence Service, and Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Summary
Tuberculosis transmission frequently occurs between U.S.-born and Mexico-born individuals. Investigating tuberculosis genotype clusters originating from U.S.-born cases, especially near the border, can help prevent further spread.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health concern, with transmission patterns influenced by migration and geographic factors.
- Understanding TB genotype cluster dynamics is crucial for targeted public health interventions.
- The US-Mexico border region presents unique challenges for TB control due to cross-border populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the growth and characteristics of tuberculosis genotype clusters in the United States between 2005 and 2010.
- To investigate the role of index case origin, ethnicity, and geographic proximity to the US-Mexico border in TB transmission.
- To identify patterns of TB transmission between US-born and Mexico-born populations.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of tuberculosis genotype cluster data from 2005-2010 in the United States.
- Categorization of TB cases based on index case country of origin and ethnicity.
- Geographic analysis focusing on proximity to the US-Mexico border.
Main Results:
- Nationwide, 38.9% of TB cases linked to Mexico-born index cases involved US-born individuals.
- Among TB clusters initiated by US-born Hispanic and non-Hispanic index cases, 29.2% and 5.3% of subsequent cases, respectively, were Mexico-born.
- In border areas, Mexico-born individuals constituted the majority of subsequent TB cases following both US-born Hispanic (56.4%) and non-Hispanic (55.6%) index cases.
Conclusions:
- Tuberculosis transmission commonly occurs between US-born and Mexico-born individuals, highlighting interconnectedness in transmission networks.
- Targeting TB genotype clusters originating from US-born index cases for investigation, particularly in border regions, may be an effective strategy to curb transmission among both populations.
- Public health strategies should consider cross-border population dynamics to enhance TB control efforts.
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