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Dynamics of continental accretion.

L Moresi1, P G Betts2, M S Miller3

  • 11] School of Geosciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia [2] School of Mathematical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia [3] School of Earth Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.

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Accretionary mountain belts form at convergent plate margins. Three-dimensional models reveal how subduction zones evolve, forming curved orogenic systems and enabling back-arc escape due to trench migration.

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Area of Science:

  • Geology
  • Tectonics
  • Geodynamics

Background:

  • Accretionary orogens, sites of continental growth, form at convergent plate margins where subduction zones consume buoyant crust.
  • Examples include the North American Cordilleras, SW Pacific subduction zones, Tasmanides, and Altaïdes.
  • Long-lived accretionary orogens experience crustal extension and back-arc basin development linked to subduction rollback.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model the evolution of accretionary margins from initial collision to stable convergence.
  • To investigate the development of orogenic curvature and back-arc tectonic escape.
  • To understand the role of trench migration in complex orogenic systems.

Main Methods:

  • Three-dimensional dynamic modeling of plate margin evolution.
  • Analysis of geological and geophysical evidence.

Main Results:

  • Models demonstrate margin instability followed by re-establishment of a stable convergent margin.
  • Significant orogenic system curvature and back-arc escape mechanisms are illustrated.
  • Lateral trench rollback, migrating parallel to the plate boundary, drives system complexity.

Conclusions:

  • Subduction zone congestion by buoyant crust leads to accretionary orogen formation and continental growth.
  • Trench rollback and migration are key mechanisms for developing complex, curved orogenic systems and facilitating back-arc escape.
  • This process is a recurrent and global phenomenon, evidenced in the Tasmanides.