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Independent polled mutations leading to complex gene expression differences in cattle.

Natalie Wiedemar1, Jens Tetens2, Vidhya Jagannathan1

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified genetic mutations causing hornlessness (polledness) in cattle. A specific long noncoding RNA was found crucial for horn bud development, offering new insights into bovine horn growth regulation.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Genomics
  • Animal Breeding
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • The molecular mechanisms underlying horn development in ruminants, particularly cattle, remain largely unknown.
  • Understanding horn growth regulation is crucial for animal breeding and welfare, as hornlessness is a desirable trait.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the genetic basis of hornlessness (polledness) in different cattle breeds.
  • To investigate the role of specific genes and regulatory elements in bovine horn development.

Main Methods:

  • Collected hornless (polled) cattle samples from various breeds for analysis.
  • Utilized high-density SNP genotyping and whole-genome sequencing to identify causative mutations.
  • Performed differential gene expression analysis on fetal horn bud tissues.

Main Results:

  • Identified specific polled-associated haplotypes and refined critical mutation regions on BTA 1 in Simmental and Holstein cattle.
  • Confirmed a perfectly associated insertion/deletion variant in Simmental and beef cattle, likely the Celtic polled mutation.
  • Discovered a long noncoding RNA (LOC100848215) with higher expression in wildtype horn buds, suggesting its role in horn formation.

Conclusions:

  • Pinpointed causative genetic variants for polledness in cattle, including a novel noncoding RNA essential for horn bud development.
  • Demonstrated that cattle with scurs are heterozygous for polled mutations, challenging previous inheritance models.
  • Confirmed the importance of FOXL2 and RXFP2 transcripts in cattle horn development, aligning with findings in sheep and goats.