Basic physiochemical and rheological properties of detergent sclerosants
Kaichung Wong1, Tony Chen1, David E Connor2
1School of Aerospace, Mechanical & Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia Dermatology, Phlebology and Fluid Mechanics Research Laboratory, St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.
Phlebology
|March 28, 2014
Summary
Detergent sclerosants like polidocanol and sodium tetradecyl sulphate exhibit Non-Newtonian shear-thinning properties. Foam sclerosants are significantly more viscous than liquid forms, with viscosity affected by concentration and air fraction.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology and Vascular Surgery
- Physical Chemistry
- Materials Science
Background:
- Sclerotherapy involves injecting agents to treat vascular malformations.
- Understanding the physicochemical properties of sclerosants is crucial for optimizing treatment efficacy and safety.
- Detergent sclerosants, including polidocanol and sodium tetradecyl sulphate, are commonly used but their rheological behavior requires detailed characterization.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the fundamental physiochemical properties of liquid and foam detergent sclerosants.
- To determine the rheological activity and behavior of polidocanol and sodium tetradecyl sulphate.
- To compare these properties with the embolic agent ethanol.
Main Methods:
- Evaluated sodium tetradecyl sulphate and polidocanol at various concentrations and air fractions.
- Measured density using a digital balance and surface tension via the Du Nuoy ring method.
- Determined critical micellar concentration and viscosity using rheometry for both liquid and foam formulations.
Main Results:
- Foam sclerosants exhibited significantly higher viscosity (over 10,000-fold) compared to liquid agents and ethanol.
- All tested agents displayed Non-Newtonian shear-thinning behavior, with viscosity decreasing at lower shear rates.
- Polidocanol foam viscosity increased with higher sclerosant concentration and air fraction, unlike sodium tetradecyl sulphate foam.
Conclusions:
- Liquid and foam sclerosants, along with ethanol, are characterized as Non-Newtonian shear-thinning fluids.
- Foam sclerosants possess substantially greater viscosity than their liquid counterparts.
- Rheological properties vary between sclerosant types and formulations, impacting their clinical application.
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