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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

86
Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
86
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

25
Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion...
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Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology01:24

Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology

42
Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic liver injury caused by prolonged inflammation, excessive fibrotic remodeling, and impaired regeneration. Over time, repeated hepatic insults disrupt the liver’s architecture and function, leading to reduced blood flow, impaired bile drainage, and diminished metabolic capacity.Pathophysiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis arises from three main responses to chronic liver damage: inflammation, immune activation, and hepatocyte death. These processes lead to...
42
Infection01:20

Infection

11.6K
When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
11.6K
Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence01:28

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

94
Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable...
94
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

2.5K
Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
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Results of a Model of Delivering Hepatitis C Care in a Homeless Metropolitan Population in England.

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Management of chronic hepatitis B virus.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Modeling Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Non-Hepatic 293T-NE-3NRs Cells
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Modeling Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Non-Hepatic 293T-NE-3NRs Cells

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Hepatitis B: prevalence and pathophysiology.

Kathryn Oakes

    Nursing Times
    |March 29, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    Chronic hepatitis B is a global health concern, with rising prevalence in the UK due to migration. This article covers its pathophysiology, screening, and immunisation strategies.

    Area of Science:

    • Hepatology
    • Public Health
    • Virology

    Background:

    • Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) represents a significant and increasing global public health challenge.
    • Viral transmission modes and CHB prevalence exhibit considerable geographical variation.
    • UK CHB prevalence is escalating, linked to increased immigration from high-prevalence regions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To discuss the prevalence and pathophysiology of CHB.
    • To outline recommendations for screening high-risk populations.
    • To review immunisation strategies against hepatitis B.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review on CHB epidemiology.
    • Analysis of transmission dynamics.
    • Synthesis of current screening and vaccination guidelines.

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    Author Spotlight: Advancements and Challenges in Hepatitis B Virus Detection
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    Author Spotlight: Advancements and Challenges in Hepatitis B Virus Detection

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    Detection of Low Copy Number Integrated Viral DNA Formed by In Vitro Hepatitis B Infection
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    Detection of Low Copy Number Integrated Viral DNA Formed by In Vitro Hepatitis B Infection

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    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: May 1, 2026

    Modeling Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Non-Hepatic 293T-NE-3NRs Cells
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    Published on: June 5, 2020

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    Author Spotlight: Advancements and Challenges in Hepatitis B Virus Detection
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    Main Results:

    • CHB prevalence varies globally, with notable increases in the UK.
    • Understanding pathophysiology is key to disease progression.
    • Targeted screening and robust immunisation are crucial interventions.

    Conclusions:

    • CHB requires global attention and tailored regional strategies.
    • Early detection through screening and prevention via immunisation are vital.
    • This article serves as a foundational overview for CHB management.