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Related Concept Videos

Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

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The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
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Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes01:25

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes

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Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...
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Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

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The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
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NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

An Optimized Method for Isolating and Expanding Invariant Natural Killer T Cells from Mouse Spleen
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An Optimized Method for Isolating and Expanding Invariant Natural Killer T Cells from Mouse Spleen

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Adipose invariant natural killer T cells.

Lydia Lynch1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Immunology
|March 29, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Obesity depletes anti-inflammatory invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells in adipose tissue. Restoring these cells improves metabolic health, offering a potential therapeutic strategy for obesity-related diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Metabolic Disease
  • Adipose Tissue Biology

Background:

  • Adipose tissue harbors a unique immune cell population crucial for homeostasis.
  • Immune dysregulation in adipose tissue contributes to obesity-related inflammation and pathogenesis.
  • Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are abundant in adipose tissue and possess regulatory functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of adipose-resident immune cells, particularly iNKT cells, in obesity.
  • To understand how obesity affects the function and abundance of iNKT cells in adipose tissue.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of iNKT cells in ameliorating obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of immune cell populations in human and murine adipose tissue.
Keywords:
CD1dadipose tissuelipidsmetabolic disordernatural killer T cellsobesity

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  • Assessment of iNKT cell abundance and function in lean versus obese states.
  • Intervention studies involving the restoration or activation of iNKT cells in obese mouse models.

    • Main Results:

    • Obesity leads to a significant reduction in anti-inflammatory iNKT cells within adipose tissue.
    • Pro-inflammatory immune cells accumulate in adipose tissue during obesity.
    • Restoration or activation of iNKT cells in obese mice improved glucose handling, insulin sensitivity, and promoted weight loss.

    Conclusions:

    • Adipose-resident iNKT cells play a critical regulatory role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis.
    • Loss of iNKT cells in obesity contributes to an inflammatory state and metabolic disease.
    • Targeting iNKT cells represents a promising therapeutic strategy for managing obesity and its associated metabolic complications.