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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Leukotriene modifiers, or cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists, are medications used to manage chronic asthma. These agents target specific inflammatory mediators produced during arachidonic acid metabolism, an essential process in generating inflammation in the body.
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Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
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Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis
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Azithromycin anaphylaxis in children.

F Mori1, L Pecorari2, S Pantano3

  • 1Allergy Unit, A. Meyer ChildrenÂ’'s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, the University of Florence, Italy.

International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology
|March 29, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Macrolide antibiotics rarely cause allergic reactions, but this study identified three cases of anaphylaxis due to azithromycin in children. Cross-reactivity between macrolides is possible, suggesting allergies may not be class-specific.

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Area of Science:

  • Clinical Immunology
  • Pharmacology
  • Pediatric Allergy

Background:

  • Macrolide antibiotics are infrequently associated with allergic reactions, with limited documented cases of anaphylaxis to erythromycin and clarithromycin.
  • This study aimed to investigate macrolide-induced anaphylaxis in pediatric patients referred to an allergy unit.

Discussion:

  • Three cases of anaphylaxis due to azithromycin were identified among 66 children who completed allergy work-ups.
  • One child experienced anaphylaxis to both clarithromycin and azithromycin, indicating potential cross-reactivity.
  • Azithromycin allergy demonstrated high sensitivity in in-vivo diagnostic tests (skin prick and intradermal tests).

Key Insights:

  • Macrolide-induced anaphylaxis, while uncommon, can occur, particularly with azithromycin.
  • Evidence suggests potential cross-reactivity among different macrolide antibiotics.
  • The findings challenge the notion that macrolide allergies are strictly class-specific.

Outlook:

  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms of macrolide allergy and cross-reactivity.
  • Clinical guidelines may need revision regarding macrolide antibiotic use in patients with a history of allergic reactions.
  • Improved diagnostic strategies for macrolide hypersensitivity are essential for patient safety.