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Functional connectivity in major depression: increased phase synchronization between frontal cortical EEG-source

Sebastian Olbrich1, Anja Tränkner2, Tobias Chittka1

  • 1Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University Leipzig, Semmelweißstraße 10, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.

Psychiatry Research
|March 29, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) shows altered brain connectivity in frontal regions. Antidepressant treatment may normalize this neuronal communication, suggesting potential biomarkers for MDD.

Keywords:
Antidepressant medicationDorsolateral prefrontal cortexMedial prefrontal cortexNonlinear lagged coherenceSubgenual prefrontal cortexeLORETA

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Brain Imaging

Background:

  • Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with structural and metabolic changes in prefrontal brain regions.
  • Altered brain connectivity, particularly in neuronal oscillations, remains poorly understood in MDD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate prefrontal electroencephalographic (EEG) phase synchronization in MDD patients compared to healthy controls (HC).
  • To analyze changes in prefrontal connectivity after antidepressant treatment in MDD patients.

Main Methods:

  • Recorded 15-minute resting-state EEG in 60 unmedicated MDD patients and 60 HC at baseline.
  • Assessed EEG functional connectivity using eLORETA (low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography) and lagged phase synchronization.
  • Re-evaluated a subgroup of MDD patients after 2 weeks of antidepressant medication.

Main Results:

  • At baseline, MDD patients exhibited increased prefrontal connectivity in the alpha frequency between the subgenual (SGPFC) and left dorsolateral/medial prefrontal cortex (DLPFC/MPFC).
  • After treatment, MDD patients showed increased SGPFC to right DLPFC/MPFC connectivity in the beta frequency.
  • Baseline beta connectivity positively correlated with reduced Hamilton depression rating scale scores.

Conclusions:

  • MDD is characterized by distinct patterns of increased EEG functional connectivity within frontal brain areas.
  • These EEG markers of disturbed neuronal communication may serve as potential biomarkers for MDD.
  • Antidepressant treatment appears to modulate prefrontal connectivity patterns in MDD.