Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Exercise and Muscle Performance01:27

Exercise and Muscle Performance

6.2K
Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
6.2K
Hypoxia01:23

Hypoxia

2.4K
Hypoxia is a medical condition characterized by an inadequate oxygen supply to body tissues. It typically manifests as a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucosae, especially in fair-skinned individuals, when hemoglobin (Hb) saturation drops below 75%.
Types of Hypoxia
There are four primary types of hypoxia, each resulting from a different cause:
1. Anemic hypoxia: This type occurs due to insufficient oxygen delivery caused by a lack of red blood cells (RBCs) or RBCs with abnormal or...
2.4K
Oxygen Transport in the Blood01:27

Oxygen Transport in the Blood

7.9K
Hemoglobin (Hb) is a crucial molecule in the human body, consisting of four polypeptide chains, each bound to an iron-containing heme group. This unique structure enables hemoglobin to bind to oxygen, with each molecule capable of combining with four molecules of oxygen, leading to rapid and reversible oxygen loading. When fully loaded with oxygen, it is called oxyhemoglobin, while hemoglobin that has released oxygen is called reduced hemoglobin or deoxyhemoglobin. As hemoglobin binds oxygen,...
7.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Moderate altitude-mimicking CO-induced inhibition of hemoglobin oxygen binding decreased middle-distance swimming speed in male national-level swimmers.

European journal of applied physiology·2026
Same author

Long-Distance Trail Running Induces Inflammatory-Associated Protein, Lipid, and Purine Oxidation in Red Blood Cells.

Blood. Red cells & iron·2026
Same author

Limited reproducibility of individual physiological adaptations to repeated endurance exercise training.

Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)·2026
Same author

Did You Know: Erythropoiesis Is Regulated by Changes in Posture.

Acta physiologica (Oxford, England)·2026
Same author

Heat Acclimation During the Third Week of a Live-High-Train-High Training Camp Does Not Impair the Hematological and Perceptual Responses to Altitude.

Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports·2026
Same author

Energetics of Underwater Swimming in Apnea - Corrigendum.

Medicine and science in sports and exercise·2026
Same journal

Lower-Body Strength, Lean Mass, and Bone Mineral Density Across the Adult Lifespan: Age- and Sex-Related Associations.

Medicine and science in sports and exercise·2026
Same journal

Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Age-Related Decline in Kidney Function among Individuals with Preserved Kidney Health: The Aging Kidney Study.

Medicine and science in sports and exercise·2026
Same journal

Objectively Measured Cardiorespiratory Fitness as a Potential Biomarker for Alzheimer's Disease Risk in Older Adults: Evidence from the Generation 100 Study.

Medicine and science in sports and exercise·2026
Same journal

The Effects of Eight-Week Traditional Aerobic Exercise and Exergaming on Dual-Task Performance and Prefrontal Cortex Activation in Older Adults.

Medicine and science in sports and exercise·2026
Same journal

The Impact of Cardiorespiratory Fitness on Cytotoxic T Cell Metabolism and Function.

Medicine and science in sports and exercise·2026
Same journal

Female Athletes Through the Lifespan: Clinical Considerations and a Call for Comprehensive Sports Medicine Healthcare.

Medicine and science in sports and exercise·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Supramaximal Intensity Hypoxic Exercise and Vascular Function Assessment in Mice
10:00

Supramaximal Intensity Hypoxic Exercise and Vascular Function Assessment in Mice

Published on: March 15, 2019

8.1K

Hypoxic training: effect on mitochondrial function and aerobic performance in hypoxia.

Paul Robach1, Thomas Bonne, Daniela Flück

  • 11Ecole Nationale des Sports de Montagne, site de l'Ecole Nationale de Ski et d'Alpinisme, Chamonix, FRANCE; 2Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK; 3Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, SWITZERLAND; 4Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, SWITZERLAND; and 5Exercise Physiology, Institute of Human Movement Sciences, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zürich, SWITZERLAND.

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
|March 29, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hypoxic training did not improve exercise performance at sea level for moderately trained individuals. While it increased hemoglobin mass, it did not enhance maximal oxygen uptake or time trial performance in normoxia.

More Related Videos

High-Resolution Fluoro-Respirometry of Equine Skeletal Muscle
07:39

High-Resolution Fluoro-Respirometry of Equine Skeletal Muscle

Published on: February 3, 2023

1.4K
Author Spotlight: Unveiling Mitochondrial Function and Cellular Metabolic Adaptation in Metabolic Diseases
08:12

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Mitochondrial Function and Cellular Metabolic Adaptation in Metabolic Diseases

Published on: October 4, 2024

2.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 1, 2026

Supramaximal Intensity Hypoxic Exercise and Vascular Function Assessment in Mice
10:00

Supramaximal Intensity Hypoxic Exercise and Vascular Function Assessment in Mice

Published on: March 15, 2019

8.1K
High-Resolution Fluoro-Respirometry of Equine Skeletal Muscle
07:39

High-Resolution Fluoro-Respirometry of Equine Skeletal Muscle

Published on: February 3, 2023

1.4K
Author Spotlight: Unveiling Mitochondrial Function and Cellular Metabolic Adaptation in Metabolic Diseases
08:12

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Mitochondrial Function and Cellular Metabolic Adaptation in Metabolic Diseases

Published on: October 4, 2024

2.1K

Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Sports Science
  • Altitude Training

Background:

  • The ergogenic effects of hypoxic training on exercise performance are debated.
  • Potential benefits may involve improved mitochondrial function and increased hemoglobin mass.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the ergogenic effects of 6 weeks of normobaric hypoxic training on aerobic performance at sea level and simulated altitude.
  • To determine if improved mitochondrial function mediates any performance benefits.

Main Methods:

  • Moderately trained subjects underwent 6 weeks of endurance training in normoxia (placebo) or normobaric hypoxia (FiO2 = 0.15).
  • Aerobic performance was assessed via incremental tests and time trials in normoxia and acute hypoxia.
  • Skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration and total hemoglobin mass were measured.

Main Results:

  • Hypoxic training increased total hemoglobin mass significantly more than placebo (8.4% vs 3.3%).
  • No significant improvements in maximal oxygen uptake or time trial performance were observed in normoxia.
  • In acute hypoxia, hypoxic training tended to enhance time trial performance (52% vs 32%), but not maximal oxygen uptake.

Conclusions:

  • Six weeks of hypoxic training showed no ergogenic effect on sea-level exercise performance in moderately trained individuals.
  • The potential for hypoxic training to enhance endurance capacity at moderate altitudes remains uncertain and requires further investigation.