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RACE - Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends02:35

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Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends, or RACE, is one of the most effective methods to obtain a full-length cDNA from an mRNA sequence between a known internal region to the unknown sequence at the 5’ or 3’ end. The unknown region is cloned in the cDNA by a gene-specific primer that binds the known end, and a hybrid primer that attaches a predefined anchor sequence to the unknown end of the cDNA. The sequence in between is amplified by PCR with an anchor primer and a gene-specific...
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Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced by splitting an early embryo—similar to what happens naturally with identical twins—cloning of adult animals is usually done by a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
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DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
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The first successfully cloned mammal was Dolly, a sheep, born on 5th July 1996 at Roslin Institute, Scotland. The cloned sheep was named after the American singer Dolly Parton. Dolly lived for seven years and died of respiratory complications, which is speculated to be due to the actual age of her DNA. Because the DNA in cloned cells belongs to an older individual,  the cloned individual’s life expectancy may be affected. Indeed, analysis of Dolly’s DNA revealed shorter...
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Updated: May 1, 2026

gDNA Enrichment by a Transposase-based Technology for NGS Analysis of the Whole Sequence of BRCA1, BRCA2, and 9 Genes Involved in DNA Damage Repair
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"The race" to clone BRCA1.

Mary-Claire King1

  • 1Department of Medicine and Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The discovery of the BRCA1 gene in 1990 revolutionized breast cancer research. Its subsequent cloning in 1994 paved the way for advancements in prevention and treatment strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The human breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) gene's existence was confirmed in 1990, localizing susceptibility to young-onset breast cancer to chromosome 17q21.
  • This discovery initiated a high-profile scientific race to clone and sequence the gene.

Observation:

  • The positional cloning of BRCA1 was achieved in September 1994, concluding a four-year intensive research effort.
  • The cloning process was extensively covered by the media, highlighting the competitive nature of the scientific endeavor.

Findings:

  • The identification and sequencing of BRCA1 provided a crucial molecular target for understanding hereditary breast cancer.
  • This breakthrough enabled the development of genetic testing and risk assessment for individuals with a family history of breast cancer.

Implications:

  • The cloning of BRCA1 has had profound consequences for breast cancer prevention, early detection, and therapeutic strategies.
  • Ongoing research continues to explore the full functional significance of BRCA1 and its role in various cancer types.