New concepts in white adipose tissue physiology.

Area of Science:

• Physiology
• Endocrinology
• Metabolism

Background:

• Rising obesity rates highlight the importance of understanding adipose tissue (AT) physiology.
• Historically viewed as an energy reservoir, AT is now recognized for its endocrine functions.
• AT secretes numerous biologically active substances, including adipokines, influencing metabolic regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To critically review the current literature on adipose tissue (AT) physiology.
• To focus on the metabolic (lipolysis, lipogenesis) and endocrine actions of AT.
• To explore the role of AT as an endocrine organ and its involvement in adipogenesis.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive critical review of existing scientific literature.
• Analysis of studies focusing on adipose tissue metabolism and endocrine functions.
• Examination of research on adipogenesis and cell turnover in AT.

Main Results:

• Adipose tissue (AT) plays a dual role: energy storage and endocrine secretion.
• AT secretes various adipokines (e.g., leptin, adiponectin, TNF-α) that act as signaling molecules.
• The metabolic activities of lipogenesis and lipolysis are key functions of white AT.

Conclusions:

• Adipose tissue (AT) is a dynamic endocrine organ crucial for metabolic regulation.
• Understanding AT's complex functions is vital for addressing obesity and related metabolic disorders.
• Ongoing research into AT cell turnover and adipogenesis further elucidates its physiological significance.