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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

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The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood
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Why do T cells cause so much trouble?

Kenneth L McClain1

  • 1BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE.

Blood
|March 29, 2014
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Defective lymphocyte apoptosis in autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) patients and their relatives is linked to a higher risk of developing lymphomas. This 20-year study highlights a critical connection between cell death pathways and cancer incidence.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Hematology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) is a rare disorder characterized by excessive lymphocyte accumulation.
  • Defects in apoptosis (programmed cell death) are a hallmark of ALPS.
  • Lymphomas are a significant concern in ALPS patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the long-term association between defective lymphocyte apoptosis and lymphoma incidence in ALPS patients and healthy mutation-positive relatives.
  • To analyze a 20-year clinical experience with this cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of a cohort of ALPS patients and healthy relatives with known ALPS-associated mutations.
  • Longitudinal follow-up over 20 years to record clinical outcomes, including lymphoma development.
  • Assessment of lymphocyte apoptosis in relation to disease status.

Main Results:

  • A clear association was observed between defective lymphocyte apoptosis and an increased incidence of lymphomas in the studied cohort.
  • The 20-year experience confirms a heightened risk of lymphomagenesis in individuals with ALPS-related genetic defects affecting apoptosis.
  • Both affected patients and asymptomatic mutation carriers showed this trend.

Conclusions:

  • Defective lymphocyte apoptosis is a significant risk factor for lymphoma development in the context of ALPS.
  • Long-term monitoring of ALPS patients and mutation carriers is crucial for early detection of lymphomas.
  • Understanding apoptosis defects provides insights into ALPS pathogenesis and cancer risk.