The cycle of classification: DSM-I through DSM-5

Area of Science:

• Psychiatry
• Psychology
• Mental Health

Background:

• The American Psychiatric Association developed the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) in 1952.
• The DSM provides a standardized language for mental health professionals in the United States to diagnose mental disorders.
• Six editions of the DSM have been published, including revisions like DSM-III-R.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the structural changes across the six editions of the DSM.
• To examine the research that influenced these revisions.
• To provide recommendations for future DSM revisions.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of research influencing DSM revisions.
• Classification of research into three domains: measurement systems, clinician diagnostic practices, and taxonomic/metatheoretical issues.
• Analysis of structural changes in DSM editions.

Main Results:

• The DSM has undergone significant structural evolution since its inception.
• Research in measurement, clinical practice, and philosophy of science has shaped diagnostic criteria.
• Understanding these influences is crucial for future diagnostic system development.

Conclusions:

• The DSM's revisions reflect evolving research and clinical understanding.
• Future DSM development should consider measurement, clinician factors, and theoretical underpinnings.
• Continued research is essential for refining mental disorder classification.