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Related Concept Videos

Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry01:12

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Higher molecular weight biomolecules are nonvolatile compounds that may decompose before ionizing or vaporizing during mass analysis with conventional electron impact ionization methods. Accordingly, electrospray ionization (ESI) is the favored method for vaporizing and ionizing biomolecules as it circumvents rapid fragmentation and enables the recording of mass signals for the entire biomolecule.
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Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
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Since eddy currents occur only in conductors, magnets can separate metals from other materials. For example, in a recycling center, trash is dumped in batches down a ramp, beneath which lies a powerful magnet. Conductors in the trash are slowed by eddy currents, while nonmetals in the trash move on, separating from the metals. This works for all metals, not just ferromagnetic ones.
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Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments (EDMs) are essential tools in modern surveying, offering precise distance measurements by emitting electromagnetic signals and calculating the time required for these signals to travel to a target and return. Two primary types of signals are used in EDMs — light waves and microwaves — each suited to specific environmental and distance requirements. Light-wave-based EDMs utilize either infrared or laser light, providing high accuracy over...
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Insulation coordination is the process of matching electric equipment's insulation strength with protective device characteristics to protect the equipment against expected overvoltages. This selection is based on engineering judgment and cost. Equipment can generally withstand short-duration high transient overvoltages, but repeated tests with identical waveforms can yield inconsistent results. As a result, standard impulse voltage waveforms are used for testing, defined by specific times...
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For a conductor in which all charges are at rest, the conductor's surface is equipotential. The electric field is always perpendicular to equipotential surfaces. Therefore, in a conductor with static charges, the electric field just outside the conductor is always perpendicular to the conductor's surface. Any tangential component of the electric field will cause charges to move inside the conductor, which will violate the electrostatic nature of the system. In an electrostatic...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

A New Application of the Electrical Penetration Graph EPG for Acquiring and Measuring Electrical Signals in Phloem Sieve Elements
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ESD around the world: Asia.

Mi-Young Kim1, Jun-Hyung Cho1, Pankaj Jain2

  • 1Digestive Disease Center, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of North America
|April 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) preserves gastric function for early gastric cancer and dysplasia patients. Ongoing research aims to refine indications for this minimally invasive treatment.

Keywords:
Early gastric cancerEndoscopic submucosal dissectionHybrid NOTESSentinel node navigation

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Endoscopic Surgery
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a minimally invasive technique for treating early gastric cancer (EGC) and dysplasia.
  • ESD preserves gastric function, improving patient quality of life.
  • It is a standard treatment in Japan and Korea and gaining traction globally.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the long-term outcomes of expanded criteria for endoscopic resection in EGC.
  • To establish reliable indications for endoscopic treatment of EGC and dysplasia.
  • To foster international collaboration for optimizing EGC treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective clinical studies are crucial for evaluating long-term outcomes.
  • Investigating novel minimally invasive approaches.
  • Collaborative efforts between Western and Asian centers.

Main Results:

  • ESD has demonstrated efficacy in improving quality of life by preserving gastric function.
  • Expanded criteria for endoscopic resection are being investigated through well-designed studies.
  • International collaboration is key to advancing treatment protocols.

Conclusions:

  • ESD is an effective treatment for EGC and dysplasia, preserving gastric function.
  • Further research and prospective studies are needed to refine indications for expanded endoscopic resection.
  • International collaboration is essential for establishing optimal EGC treatment strategies.