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Related Concept Videos

Tidal Forces01:06

Tidal Forces

2.9K
The origin of Earth's ocean tides has been a subject of continuous investigation for over 2000 years. However, the work of Newton is considered to be the beginning of the proper understanding of the phenomenon. Ocean tides are the result of gravitational tidal forces. These same tidal forces are present in any astronomical body; they are responsible for the internal heat that creates the volcanic activity on Io, one of Jupiter's moons, and the breakup of stars that get too close to...
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Rapidly Varying Flow01:24

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Rapidly varying flow (RVF) in open channels is characterized by abrupt changes in flow depth over a short distance, with the rate of depth change relative to distance often approaching unity. These flows are inherently complex due to their transient and multi-dimensional nature, making exact analysis difficult. However, approximate solutions using simplified models provide valuable insights into their behavior.Key Features of Rapidly Varying FlowRVF is commonly observed in scenarios involving...
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Reflection of Waves01:07

Reflection of Waves

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When a wave travels from one medium to another, it gets reflected at the boundary of the second medium. A common example of this is when a person yells at a distance from a cliff and hears the echo of their voice. The sound waves (longitudinal waves) traveling in the air are reflected from the bounding cliff. Similarly, flipping one end of a string whose other end is tied to a wall causes a pulse (transverse wave) to travel through the string, which gets reflected upon reaching the wall. In...
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Standing Waves01:17

Standing Waves

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Sometimes waves do not seem to move; rather, they just vibrate in place. Unmoving waves can be seen on the surface of a glass of milk kept in a refrigerator, which is one example of standing waves. Vibrations from the refrigerator motor create waves on the milk that oscillate up and down but do not seem to move across the surface. These waves are formed or created by the superposition of two or more identical moving waves in opposite directions. The waves move through each other, with their...
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Propagation of Waves01:07

Propagation of Waves

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When a wave propagates from one medium to another, part of it may get reflected in the first medium, and part of it may get transmitted to the second medium. In such a case, the interface of the two mediums can be considered as a boundary that is neither fixed nor free.
Consider a scenario where a wave propagates from a string of low linear mass density to a string of high linear mass density. In such a case, the reflected wave is out of phase with respect to the incident wave, however the...
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Sound Waves: Interference00:53

Sound Waves: Interference

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Sound waves can be modeled either as longitudinal waves, wherein the molecules of the medium oscillate around an equilibrium position, or as pressure waves. When two identical waves from the same source superimpose on each other, the combination of two crests or two troughs results in amplitude reinforcement known as constructive interference. If two identical waves, that are initially in phase, become out of phase because of different path lengths, the combination of crests with troughs...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Visualization of Flow Field Around a Vibrating Pipeline Within an Equilibrium Scour Hole
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Visualization of Flow Field Around a Vibrating Pipeline Within an Equilibrium Scour Hole

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Virtual seafloor reduces internal wave generation by tidal flow.

Likun Zhang1, Harry L Swinney1

  • 1Department of Physics and Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|April 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Tidal energy converted into internal gravity waves originates from ridge sections above a virtual seafloor. This finding allows linear theory to predict radiated power, improving ocean internal wave energy estimations.

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Quantitatively Measuring In situ Flows using a Self-Contained Underwater Velocimetry Apparatus SCUVA
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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Oceanography
  • Geophysics

Background:

  • Tidal flow in stratified fluids generates internal gravity waves.
  • Understanding energy conversion is crucial for oceanographic models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the source of time-averaged tidal energy converted into internal gravity wave radiation.
  • To assess the applicability of linear theory to predict this energy conversion.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulations of stratified fluid flow over ridges and random topography.
  • Analysis of energy conversion mechanisms and radiated power.

Main Results:

  • Energy conversion to internal gravity waves occurs only above a 'virtual seafloor'.
  • Average radiated power is accurately approximated by linear theory using ridge height relative to the virtual floor.

Conclusions:

  • The virtual seafloor concept extends linear theory's applicability.
  • This approach enhances global predictions of tidal energy conversion to internal waves in oceans.