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Updated: May 1, 2026

Analysis of Termination of Transcription Using BrUTP-strand-specific Transcription Run-on TRO Approach
Published on: March 12, 2017
Looping back to leap forward: transcription enters a new era
Michael Levine1, Claudia Cattoglio2, Robert Tjian2
1Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94707, USA.
None:
Comparative genome analyses reveal that organismal complexity scales not with gene number but with gene regulation. Recent efforts indicate that the human genome likely contains hundreds of thousands of enhancers, with a typical gene embedded in a milieu of tens of enhancers. Proliferation of cis-regulatory DNAs is accompanied by increased complexity and functional diversification of transcriptional machineries recognizing distal enhancers and core promoters and by the high-order spatial organization of genetic elements. We review progress in unraveling one of the outstanding mysteries of modern biology: the dynamic communication of remote enhancers with target promoters in the specification of cellular identity.
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