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Variables affecting orthodontic tooth movement with clear aligners.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthodontics
  • Biomechanical Engineering
  • Dental Imaging

Background:

  • Investigating factors influencing orthodontic tooth movement is crucial for treatment optimization.
  • Previous research has explored various biological and mechanical variables, but the complex interplay of age, sex, and bone characteristics requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the impact of age, sex, root length, bone levels, and bone quality on orthodontic tooth movement.
  • To understand the relationship between patient demographics and the efficacy of clear aligner therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized clear aligners to move a central incisor 1 mm over 8 weeks in 30 subjects (ages 19-64).
  • Assessed tooth movement using digital models and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for morphometric features and bone quality (fractal dimension).
  • Combined data with two similar studies to enhance statistical power.

Main Results:

  • Overall, 57% of the tooth movement goal was achieved.
  • A complex, cubic relationship was observed between age and tooth movement, with varying rates across different age groups.
  • The age-related trend differed between sexes, with women showing less pronounced decreases in movement rate.
  • Significant correlations were found between tooth movement and CBCT linear measures, and a negative correlation existed with apex-to-rotation center distance.

Conclusions:

  • The relationship between age and orthodontic tooth movement is intricate and sex-dependent.
  • Limited correlations were found between CBCT morphology and the rate of tooth movement.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand the biomechanical and biological factors governing tooth movement efficacy.