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Related Concept Videos

Line Loss01:10

Line Loss

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The different configurations of source-load connections include wye (star) and delta connections. The relationship between line and phase voltages and currents varies depending on the configuration. When the source is supplying power, it is transmitted through the wires to the load, and during this transmission, some power is absorbed by the wires, leading to line loss.
Line loss impacts power delivery efficiency in a balanced three-phase circuit. The symmetry in such a circuit simplifies the...
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Reducing Line Loss01:18

Reducing Line Loss

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In a three-phase circuit, line loss is an indicator of energy dissipated as heat due to the resistance of transmission lines. To address this, incorporating transformers into the system—a step-up transformer at the source and a step-down transformer at the load—is a strategic solution. Two three-phase transformers are introduced to improve this.
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Energy Losses in Transformers01:21

Energy Losses in Transformers

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In an ideal transformer, it is assumed that there are no energy losses, and, hence, all the power at the primary winding is transferred to the secondary winding. However, in reality,  the transformers always have some energy losses, and, hence, the output power obtained at the secondary winding is less than the input power at the primary winding due to energy losses.
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Major Losses in Pipes01:28

Major Losses in Pipes

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When a fluid flows through a pipe, it experiences energy losses due to frictional resistance along the pipe walls, known as major losses. These energy losses result in a pressure drop, which varies based on the flow conditions — whether laminar or turbulent — and the specific physical properties of the fluid and pipe.
Fluid flow can be classified as laminar or turbulent, primarily based on the Reynolds number. This dimensionless number reflects the relative influence of inertial to viscous...
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Minor Losses in Pipes01:25

Minor Losses in Pipes

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In pipe systems, minor losses refer to energy losses arising from components such as valves, bends, fittings, expansions, and other features that disrupt the steady flow of fluid. These disturbances cause energy dissipation through turbulence and resistance, which engineers quantify to manage system efficiency effectively.
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Levels of Organization01:09

Levels of Organization

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Biological organization is the classification of biological structures, ranging from atoms at the bottom of the hierarchy to the Earth's biosphere. Each level of the hierarchy represents an increase in complexity that builds upon the previous level.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Author Spotlight: In-Depth Morphometric Examination and Quantification of Native Lens Structure Using Whole Mount Imaging
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Author Spotlight: In-Depth Morphometric Examination and Quantification of Native Lens Structure Using Whole Mount Imaging

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[Non-organic visual loss].

L Jeanjean1, G Dupeyron1

  • 1Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU Carémeau, place du Professeur-Debré, 30029 Nîmes cedex 9, France; Institut ARAMAV, 12, chemin du Belvédère, 30900 Nîmes, France.

Journal Francais D'Ophtalmologie
|April 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Identifying functional or non-organic visual loss is crucial in neuro-ophthalmology. A rigorous diagnostic approach using various tests helps differentiate it from organic eye conditions, avoiding unnecessary investigations and ensuring proper patient referral.

Keywords:
AnorganiqueBaisse d’acuité visuelleConversion hysteriaConversion hystériqueFonctionnelFunctionalNon-organicVisual loss

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Area of Science:

  • Neuro-ophthalmology
  • Visual Neuroscience
  • Psychosomatic Medicine

Context:

  • Functional or non-organic visual loss presents a diagnostic challenge in neuro-ophthalmology.
  • Characterized by a discrepancy between visual function tests and clinical examination findings.
  • Distinguishing functional visual loss from organic eye disease is essential for appropriate patient management.

Purpose:

  • To outline a diagnostic strategy for identifying functional visual loss.
  • To differentiate non-organic visual impairment from genuine ocular pathologies.
  • To prevent unnecessary diagnostic testing and guide appropriate psychiatric referrals when indicated.

Summary:

  • Functional visual loss is identified by a mismatch between subjective visual acuity/visual field results and objective clinical findings.
  • A comprehensive diagnostic approach, including clinical examination, orthoptic testing, visual field assessment, and electrophysiologic tests, is employed.
  • This systematic evaluation aims to confirm the non-organic nature of visual impairment and avoid diagnostic errors.

Impact:

  • Facilitates accurate diagnosis, preventing unnecessary investigations and associated costs.
  • Ensures patients receive appropriate treatment, whether for an underlying psychiatric condition or an organic eye disease.
  • Improves neuro-ophthalmic consultation efficiency and patient outcomes by clarifying the etiology of visual disturbances.