Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Nature and Nurture01:10

Nature and Nurture

Many human characteristics, like height, are shaped by both nature—in other words, by our genes—and by nurture, or our environment. For example, chronic stress during childhood inhibits the production of growth hormones and consequently reduces bone growth and height. Scientists estimate that 70-90% of variation in height is due to genetic differences among individuals, and 10-30% of variation in height is due to differences in the environments that individuals experience, such as differences...
Neurulation01:30

Neurulation

Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the anterior...
Anatomical Terminology01:20

Anatomical Terminology

Knowledge of anatomy is essential to understand human biology and medicine. Anatomists and health care professionals use standard terminology to describe the human body with more precision and no ambiguity. Anatomical terms have mostly Greek and Latin-derived roots. Because these languages are rarely used in conversation, the meaning of words remains the same. Each term is made up of a root in between the prefixes and suffixes. The root of a term often refers to an organ, tissue, or condition,...
Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
Introduction to Language of Pathophysiology l01:25

Introduction to Language of Pathophysiology l

Pathophysiology investigates how biological mechanisms—typically starting at the cellular level—disrupt normal bodily functions. It bridges anatomy and physiology to explain the progression of disease. With this foundation, it is important to understand the following key terms used to describe disease processes: Diagnosis:The process of identifying a disease using clinical evaluation, including signs (objective evidence like rashes), symptoms (subjective experiences like pain), laboratory test...
Introduction to Language of Pathophysiology ll01:17

Introduction to Language of Pathophysiology ll

This lesson explores key terms that describe how diseases progress, their outcomes, and their distribution in populations.Diagnostic tests identify diseases and monitor treatment. These include blood and urine tests, biopsies, imaging (X-ray, MRI), and detection of infectious agents.Remission is a reduction or disappearance of symptoms.Exacerbation refers to the worsening of symptoms, such as increased wheezing during an asthma attack.A precipitating factor triggers an acute episode, while a...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The fetus with gastroschisis managed by a trial of labor: antepartum and intrapartum complications.

Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association·2000
Same author

The effects of cocaine on neutral amino acid uptake by human placental basal membrane vesicles.

American journal of obstetrics and gynecology·1994
Same author

Cocaine inhibits alanine uptake by human placental microvillous membrane vesicles.

American journal of obstetrics and gynecology·1993
Same author

Glycine uptake by microvillous and basal plasma membrane vesicles from term human placentae.

Placenta·1993
Same author

Sonographically detected hyperechoic fetal bowel: significance and implications for pregnancy management.

Obstetrics and gynecology·1992
Same author

Fetal pyelectasis and Down syndrome: is genetic amniocentesis warranted?

Obstetrics and gynecology·1992

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Principles of Rodent Surgery for the New Surgeon
10:29

Principles of Rodent Surgery for the New Surgeon

Published on: January 7, 2011

Teratology: principles and practice.

J M Dicke1

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri.

The Medical Clinics of North America
|May 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Gross structural and functional anomalies affect 2-4% of newborns, causing significant perinatal mortality. Understanding teratogenesis and avoiding known teratogens are key to preventing these birth defects.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Genetics
  • Developmental Biology
  • Obstetrics

Background:

  • Congenital anomalies impact 2-4% of newborns, representing a major cause of perinatal mortality.
  • The precise causes of most congenital anomalies remain largely unknown.
  • Identifiable causes include Mendelian or chromosomal disorders, with drugs and environmental factors implicated in a smaller percentage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the etiology and prevention strategies for congenital anomalies.
  • To highlight the significance of teratogenesis and fetal drug disposition in birth defects.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on congenital anomalies, teratogenesis, and risk factors.
  • Analysis of current understanding of genetic and environmental influences on fetal development.

More Related Videos

Subretinal Transplantation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Tissue in a Feline Large Animal Model
07:43

Subretinal Transplantation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Tissue in a Feline Large Animal Model

Published on: August 5, 2021

Systematic Assessment of Mammalian Skull Specimens for Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology
07:26

Systematic Assessment of Mammalian Skull Specimens for Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology

Published on: August 22, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Principles of Rodent Surgery for the New Surgeon
10:29

Principles of Rodent Surgery for the New Surgeon

Published on: January 7, 2011

Subretinal Transplantation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Tissue in a Feline Large Animal Model
07:43

Subretinal Transplantation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Tissue in a Feline Large Animal Model

Published on: August 5, 2021

Systematic Assessment of Mammalian Skull Specimens for Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology
07:26

Systematic Assessment of Mammalian Skull Specimens for Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology

Published on: August 22, 2022

Main Results:

  • Most congenital anomalies lack a clear cause.
  • Heritable disorders (Mendelian and chromosomal) account for a significant portion of identifiable cases.
  • Drugs and environmental exposures are implicated in a minority of pregnancies.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding teratogenesis principles is crucial for studying and preventing birth defects.
  • Awareness of placental transfer and fetal drug disposition aids in risk assessment.
  • Avoiding known teratogens is the most effective current strategy for prevention.