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Methods for studying planar cell polarity.

Jessica Olofsson1, Jeffrey D Axelrod1

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Planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling establishes cell orientation in epithelial tissues. This review details methods for studying PCP in Drosophila, crucial for understanding development and disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Planar cell polarity (PCP) governs epithelial cell orientation, crucial for embryonic development, tissue organization, and regeneration.
  • Dysregulation of PCP signaling is implicated in various pathologies, including cancer and developmental disorders.
  • Drosophila epithelia provide a powerful model for dissecting PCP mechanisms due to conserved pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review established and novel tools and methods for studying PCP signaling in Drosophila epithelia.
  • To highlight the importance of analyzing PCP across diverse tissues and developmental stages.
  • To provide a comprehensive resource for researchers investigating PCP mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Review of genetic and molecular techniques for analyzing PCP protein localization and function.
  • Description of methods applicable to various Drosophila tissues, including eye, wing, abdomen, leg, and notum.
  • Discussion of techniques for studying PCP in larval and adult stages, as well as during embryonic development.

Main Results:

  • PCP involves asymmetric protein localization coordinated between adjacent cells at apical junctions.
  • PCP proteins are organized into modules, including a core module and the Fat/Dachsous/Four-jointed (Fat/Ds/Fj) module.
  • Tissue-specific sensitivities to PCP pathway perturbations highlight the complexity of module interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Studying PCP in multiple Drosophila contexts is essential for resolving mechanistic controversies.
  • The reviewed methods facilitate detailed investigation of PCP signaling pathways.
  • Understanding PCP in Drosophila offers insights into fundamental biological processes and human diseases.