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Related Concept Videos

DNA Replication02:40

DNA Replication

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DNA replication involves the separation of the two strands of the double helix, with each strand serving as a template from which the new complementary strand is copied.  After replication, each double-stranded DNA includes one parental or “old” strand and one “new” strand. This is known as semiconservative replication. The resulting DNA molecules have the same sequence and are divided equally into the two daughter cells.
Replication in Prokaryotes
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An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication...
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DNA replication has three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Replication in prokaryotes begins when initiator proteins bind to the single origin of replication (ori) on the cell's circular chromosome. Replication then proceeds around the entire circle of the chromosome in each direction from the two replication forks, resulting in two DNA molecules.
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Updated: May 1, 2026

Optimization and Comparative Analysis of Plant Organellar DNA Enrichment Methods Suitable for Next-generation Sequencing
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Minireview: DNA replication in plant mitochondria.

John D Cupp1, Brent L Nielsen1

  • 1Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, United States.

Mitochondrion
|April 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Plant mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication is complex and unique. Research identifies key proteins and suggests a distinct model compared to animal mtDNA replication mechanisms.

Keywords:
MtDNA polymeraseMtDNA replicationPlant mitochondrial genomePlant mtDNA recombinationTwinkle primase/helicase

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Molecular genetics
  • Mitochondrial genomics

Background:

  • Higher plant mitochondrial genomes are structurally complex.
  • Plant mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication mechanisms are poorly understood compared to metazoans.
  • Key replication proteins like DNA polymerases and primase/helicase have been identified in plants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the unique mechanisms and proteins involved in plant mtDNA replication.
  • To compare plant mtDNA replication strategies with those of metazoan organisms.

Main Methods:

  • Identification of plant mtDNA replication proteins.
  • Analysis of mitochondrial dynamics and genome structure.
  • Investigation of dual-targeted and dual-function proteins.

Main Results:

  • Several plant mtDNA replication proteins have been identified.
  • Plant mtDNA replication appears to involve a unique model.
  • Mitochondrial complexity and protein redundancy suggest distinct maintenance strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Plants possess a unique model for maintaining and replicating mitochondrial DNA.
  • This model differs significantly from the replication mechanisms observed in most metazoan organisms.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand plant mtDNA replication intricacies.