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Tissue engineering bone using autologous progenitor cells in the peritoneum.

Jinhui Shen1, Ashwin Nair1, Ramesh Saxena2

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States of America.

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|April 1, 2014
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Summary

Researchers discovered mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in peritoneal fluid that can form bone. Scaffolds with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) stimulated bone formation in the peritoneum, offering new bone tissue engineering methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Bone tissue engineering requires novel methods for scaffold ossification.
  • Peritoneal membrane ossification is a known complication of peritoneal dialysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of regenerating ossified tissue within the peritoneum.
  • To investigate the osteogenic capacity of peritoneal progenitor cells.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation and characterization of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from peritoneal lavage fluid.
  • Implantation of decalcified bone scaffolds and poly(l-lactic acid) scaffolds loaded with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) into the peritoneum.
  • Assessment of osteogenic potential, including cell infiltration, osteocalcin production, and mineralized bone formation.

Main Results:

  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were identified in peritoneal lavage fluid.
  • Peritoneal progenitor cells demonstrated osteogenic potential, infiltrating bone implants and forming mineralized bone.
  • Scaffolds with BMP-2 induced osteogenesis in the peritoneum within 8 weeks.

Conclusions:

  • The peritoneum can be a site for bone regeneration.
  • Autologous stem and progenitor cells in the peritoneum can be directed to form bone.
  • BMP-2 loaded scaffolds show promise for peritoneal bone tissue engineering.