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Related Concept Videos

Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells01:12

Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells

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The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular...
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Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells01:23

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The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
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Overview of Regeneration and Repair01:19

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Regeneration and repair processes are critical in healing damages caused by injury, disease, and aging. In regeneration, the damaged tissue is entirely replaced with new growth that restores the original architecture and function. In contrast, tissue repair usually results in a fixed tissue architecture involving scar formation. Scars generally do not reestablish tissue function and may also exhibit structural abnormalities at the injury site.
Regeneration
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Whole Body Regeneration01:33

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Regeneration is the process of restoring injured or lost tissues, organs, or body parts. While simpler organisms generally show greater ability to regenerate their whole body, few complex animals show similarly exceptional regeneration. For example, planarian flatworms have a unique regenerative potential making them a popular study organism among biologists to understand the mechanisms of whole body regeneration. Other organisms, such as hydra, also show extreme regeneration potential;...
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Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells01:19

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Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own...
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An interdisciplinary team includes many healthcare professionals working together and utilizing their skills, knowledge, and expertise to provide holistic and quality patient care. Here are a few more healthcare professionals.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Microdissection of Primary Renal Tissue Segments and Incorporation with Novel Scaffold-free Construct Technology
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Rejuvenating clinician-scientist training.

Balamurali K Ambati1, Judd Cahoon

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
|April 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Clinician-scientists are declining, especially in ophthalmology. A new "Learn-and-Earn" model proposes enhanced residency/fellowship research training to address this critical gap.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Medical Education
  • Scientific Training

Background:

  • Clinician-scientist roles are diminishing in medicine, particularly within ophthalmology.
  • A significant gap exists between traditional MD-PhD programs and K-series awards, leaving trainees without structured research during residency and fellowship.
  • Current MD-PhD and K award success rates are suboptimal.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel training model to address the decline of clinician-scientists.
  • To reconfigure ophthalmology residency and fellowship programs to foster research involvement.
  • To improve the success rate of training physician-scientists.

Main Methods:

  • Reallocating training resources to create dedicated research time within residency and fellowship.
Keywords:
clinician-scientisteducationtraining

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  • Implementing augmented salaries and robust mentoring for research-focused trainees.
  • Exploring nontraditional research training pathways to encourage interdisciplinary collaboration.

    • Main Results:

    • The proposed model, termed "Learn-and-Earn," aims to provide sufficient time and support for credible research projects.
    • It seeks to enhance research exposure and involvement for residents and fellows.
    • Nontraditional pathways will be explored to diversify skill sets and build interdisciplinary teams.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed "Learn-and-Earn" approach offers a structural solution to the dwindling number of clinician-scientists in ophthalmology.
    • Reconfiguring training programs with dedicated research time, mentorship, and salary support is crucial.
    • Fostering interdisciplinary research through diverse training pathways is essential for future scientific advancement.