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Related Concept Videos

The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

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The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
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Hearing01:31

Hearing

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When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
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Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

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Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
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The Auditory Ossicles01:11

The Auditory Ossicles

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The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...
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Hair Cells01:22

Hair Cells

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Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the auditory system—they transduce mechanical sound waves into electrical energy that the nervous system can understand. Hair cells are located in the organ of Corti within the cochlea of the inner ear, between the basilar and tectorial membranes. The actual sensory receptors are called inner hair cells. The outer hair cells serve other functions, such as sound amplification in the cochlea, and are not discussed in detail here.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages
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Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages

Published on: March 24, 2023

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[Phonological development in children with cochlear implant(s)].

K Kral1, B Streicher, I Junge

  • 1Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Uniklinik Köln, Cochlear Implant Centrum Köln, Gebäude 23, Kerpener Str. 62-68, 50931, Köln, Deutschland, katrin.kral@uk-koeln.de.

HNO
|April 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Deaf children with cochlear implants (CI) show different phonological development compared to hearing age peers. While most exhibit delayed processes, their phonological skills improve over time after CI.

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Area of Science:

  • Speech-language pathology
  • Developmental audiology
  • Pediatric otolaryngology

Context:

  • Normal-hearing children naturally overcome phonological processes during language acquisition.
  • Limited data exists on phonological development in German-speaking deaf children with cochlear implants (CI).

Purpose:

  • To investigate and evaluate the phonological development in deaf children using cochlear implants (CI).
  • To compare phonological processes in CI users over a one-year period.

Summary:

  • 76% of children with CI showed phonological development not aligned with their hearing age at T1.
  • The most common processes were consonant cluster reduction and fronting.
  • 83% of the group demonstrated a reduction in inappropriate phonological processes from T0 to T1.

Impact:

  • Phonological development in children with CI is distinct from that of normal-hearing children.
  • Findings highlight the unique trajectory of speech sound acquisition in pediatric CI users.