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Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis bacteremia: an emerging infection
1Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, P.O. Box 2000, 33521, Tampere, Finland, sari.rantala@pshp.fi.
Summary
Group C and G Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis (S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis) is an emerging pathogen causing diverse infections. This review summarizes epidemiology, clinical features, and emm types of S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis bacteremia.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Clinical Medicine
Background:
- Group C and G Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis (S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis) is increasingly recognized as a significant pathogen.
- This bacterium causes a spectrum of diseases, from mild skin infections to life-threatening conditions like necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, mimicking Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Cellulitis is the most common presentation of S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis bacteremia, which has seen a rise in incidence.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the epidemiology of S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis bacteremia.
- To summarize the clinical characteristics of S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis bacteremia.
- To describe the emm types associated with S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis bacteremia.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis bacteremia.
- Summary of epidemiological data.
- Analysis of clinical manifestations and emm types.
Main Results:
- Invasive infections are more prevalent in elderly patients with comorbidities and skin breakdown.
- The case fatality rate for S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis bacteremia is reported to be 15-18%.
- The review consolidates information on the pathogen's occurrence, patient profiles, and genetic typing.
Conclusions:
- S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis is a notable cause of bacteremia, particularly in vulnerable populations.
- Understanding its epidemiology and clinical spectrum is crucial for effective management.
- Further research into emm types may elucidate virulence and transmission patterns.
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