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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

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Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
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Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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What is Cancer?02:12

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Cells and tissues must meticulously coordinate their activities for the normal functioning of the human body. Therefore, they exhibit socially responsible behavior - resting, growing, dividing, differentiating, or dying - for the organism’s benefit. Cancer arises when cells divide uncontrollably and invade other tissues or organs.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Using Mouse Mammary Tumor Cells to Teach Core Biology Concepts: A Simple Lab Module
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Selenium for preventing cancer.

Marco Vinceti1, Gabriele Dennert, Catherine M Crespi

  • 1Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, Modena, Italy, 41125.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|April 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

While observational studies suggest higher selenium exposure may lower cancer risk, randomized controlled trials show no clear benefit for cancer prevention. Selenium supplements do not convincingly prevent cancer and may carry risks.

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional biochemistry
  • Cancer epidemiology
  • Clinical trial research

Background:

  • Selenium is a metalloid with potential anti-cancer properties.
  • Previous research suggested selenium may protect against certain cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the etiological relationship between selenium exposure and human cancer risk.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of selenium supplementation for cancer prevention in humans.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
  • Searches included Cochrane CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CancerLit, and CCMed.
  • Risk of bias assessment using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Cochrane Handbook criteria.

Main Results:

  • Observational studies (55) indicated lower cancer incidence and mortality with higher selenium exposure, particularly for stomach, bladder, and prostate cancers.
  • RCTs (8) found no clear evidence that selenium supplementation reduced overall cancer risk or mortality.
  • Some RCTs suggested potential increased risks of type 2 diabetes and skin conditions with selenium supplementation.

Conclusions:

  • Observational findings of reduced cancer risk with selenium exposure should be interpreted cautiously due to study limitations.
  • RCTs, especially those with low risk of bias, show no convincing evidence that selenium supplements prevent cancer.
  • Current evidence does not support selenium supplementation for cancer prevention in humans and suggests potential harms.