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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

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Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
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Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

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Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion...
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Rh Blood Group01:19

Rh Blood Group

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The Rhesus (Rh) antigen is crucial in determining blood groups and ensuring compatibility during blood transfusions.
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Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
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Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
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Author Spotlight: Advancements and Challenges in Hepatitis B Virus Detection
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Author Spotlight: Advancements and Challenges in Hepatitis B Virus Detection

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Hepatitis B in pregnancy.

Jessica Katharine Dyson1, Julia Waller2, Andrena Turley3

  • 1Liver Unit , Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK.

Frontline Gastroenterology
|April 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

One in six pregnant women had active hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection or high viral loads requiring treatment. While infant immunoprophylaxis was appropriate, vaccination completion rates were suboptimal for preventing HBV transmission.

Keywords:
ANTIVIRAL THERAPYCHRONIC VIRAL HEPATITISHEPATITIS BLIVER DISEASE IN PREGNANCY

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Development of a Hepatitis B Virus Reporter System to Monitor the Early Stages of the Replication Cycle
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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Obstetrics

Background:

  • Hepatitis B virus (HBV) vertical transmission is a significant concern.
  • Immunoprophylaxis and maternal antiviral therapy are key prevention strategies.
  • Understanding disease prevalence in pregnancy is crucial for management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of active HBV disease or high HBV-DNA levels in pregnant women.
  • To review the management protocols for mothers and infants affected by HBV.
  • To assess the effectiveness of interventions in preventing vertical transmission.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective case-note review of HBV-infected pregnant women and their infants.
  • Data collected from obstetric services between 2007 and 2011.
  • Analysis of HBV-DNA levels, HBeAg status, and management interventions.

Main Results:

  • 113 pregnancies in 81 women were reviewed; 15% were HBeAg positive.
  • 71% of mothers were diagnosed with HBV during pregnancy.
  • 13% had HBV-DNA >1.0x10^7 IU/mL, eligible for antiviral therapy; 12% required treatment for active HBV.
  • Hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) was appropriately administered, but only 76% of infants completed the HBV vaccination course.

Conclusions:

  • Approximately 1 in 6 women had active HBV or high viral loads necessitating treatment to reduce transmission risk.
  • Maternal antiviral therapy and infant HBIG administration were generally appropriate.
  • Suboptimal completion of infant HBV vaccination courses requires improvement.