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Updated: May 1, 2026

In Vivo Confocal Microscopy in the Diagnosis and Management of Dry Eye: A Focus on Imaging Protocols and Interpretation
Published on: November 11, 2025
[Ultrasonography in normal eyelids assessment]
Abstract:
The article presents the results of a complex study on ultrasonography which included high-resolution grey scale B-scan, color Doppler imaging, and ultrasonic density measurement of eyelids and periorbital tissues. A total of 48 patients were enrolled. Echographic anatomy of eyelid layers, i.e. skin, orbicularis oculi muscle, tarsus, and orbital fat, is described in detail. Depth and ultrasonic density values for all layers are provided. The authors suggest performing an ultrasound examination of eyelids prior to reconstructive and plastic surgery in order to facilitate the choice of surgical tactics.
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