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Testosterone therapy and cancer risk.

Michael L Eisenberg1, Shufeng Li, Paul Betts

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Testosterone therapy (TT) does not alter cancer risk in men over 40. Long-term TT use showed no significant difference in overall cancer incidence or specific prostate cancer risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Urology

Background:

  • Testosterone therapy (TT) is increasingly prescribed for hypogonadism in aging men.
  • Concerns exist regarding the potential impact of TT on cancer risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether testosterone therapy (TT) status influences a man's risk of developing cancer.
  • To specifically examine the association between TT and prostate cancer risk.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of a urology clinic hormone database linked to the Texas Cancer Registry.
  • Determined TT status and cancer incidence in men with recorded serum testosterone levels.
  • Utilized standardized incidence rates and time-to-event analysis.

Main Results:

  • The study included 247 men on TT and 211 not on TT.
  • Cancer developed in 20 men (8.1%) on TT and 27 men (12.8%) not on TT.
  • No significant difference in overall cancer risk (HR 1.0, 95% CI 0.57-1.9) or prostate cancer risk (HR 1.2, 95% CI 0.54-2.50) was observed based on TT status.

Conclusions:

  • Long-term testosterone therapy (TT) in men over 40 is not associated with an increased risk of overall cancer.
  • TT status does not appear to modify the risk of developing prostate cancer.