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Updated: May 1, 2026
Utilizing the Modified T-Maze to Assess Functional Memory Outcomes After Cardiac Arrest
Published on: January 5, 2018
Preexisting cognitive status is associated with reduced behavioral functional capacity in patients 3 months after
Simone Messerotti Benvenuti1, Elisabetta Patron1, Paolo Zanatta2
1Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, 8-35131 Padova, Italy.
Objective:
To examine whether preexisting cognitive status rather than short- and middle-term postoperative cognitive decline (POCD) may differentially account for behavioral functional capacity 3 months after cardiac surgery.
Method:
Seventy-nine patients completed a psychological evaluation, including the Trail Making Test Part B, the memory with 10-s interference, the phonemic fluency and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs) questionnaire for cognitive functions and behavioral functional capacity, respectively, before surgery, at discharge and at 3-month follow-up.
Results:
Thirty-one (39%) and 22 (28%) patients showed POCD at discharge and at 3-month follow-up, respectively. Preoperative cognitive status was significantly associated with change in behavioral functional capacity 3 months after surgery (Ps<.003), whereas short- and middle-term POCD and intraoperative risk factors were unrelated to residualized change in IADLs scores (all Ps>.095).
Conclusions:
Preexisting cognitive deficit, especially working memory deficit, rather than short- and middle-term POCD related to intraoperative risk factors is associated with poor behavioral functional capacity 3 months after cardiac surgery. The present study therefore suggests that a preoperative cognitive evaluation is essential to anticipate which patients are likely to show a decline in behavioral functional capacity after cardiac surgery.
