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Related Concept Videos

The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

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DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with...
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The Replisome03:01

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Covalently Linked Protein Regulators02:04

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Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein....
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Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

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Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
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Coordination of Gene Expression Processes in Bacteria01:29

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The DNA replication, transcription, and translation processes are intricately coupled in bacteria, allowing efficient gene expression and rapid protein synthesis. While this physical and functional coordination is advantageous, it introduces challenges that bacteria overcome through specific regulatory mechanisms.Coupling of Replication, Transcription, and TranslationThe coupling of replication, transcription, and translation is a hallmark of bacterial gene expression. As the replisome unwinds...
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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Utilizing a Comprehensive Immunoprecipitation Enrichment System to Identify an Endogenous Post-translational Modification Profile for Target Proteins
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Replisome components--post-translational modifications and their effects.

Juergen Zech1, Jacob Zeuthen Dalgaard1

  • 1Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbert Hill Campus, CV47AL Coventry, UK.

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
|April 2, 2014
PubMed
Summary

DNA replication is regulated by post-translational modifications of replisome components. These modifications ensure genome stability by controlling DNA replication fork progression during S-phase.

Keywords:
DNA replicationPhosphorylationPost-translational modificationsReplisomeSUMOylationUbiquitination

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • DNA replication is a dynamic and highly regulated process essential for genome stability.
  • Cells commit to completing replication once S-phase begins, employing various pathways to overcome obstacles.
  • Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of replisome proteins are increasingly recognized for their regulatory roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review known PTMs of the DNA replisome.
  • To elucidate how these modifications impact DNA replication during normal and stressed S-phases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on DNA replication and protein modifications.
  • Analysis of existing data on PTMs in the context of S-phase progression.
  • Synthesis of findings on fork stability and genome maintenance.

Main Results:

  • PTMs on replisome components are crucial for regulating DNA replication.
  • These modifications influence the cell's response to replication stress.
  • Understanding PTMs provides insights into pathways ensuring fork progression.

Conclusions:

  • PTMs are key regulators of DNA replication fidelity and genome stability.
  • Targeting these modifications could offer strategies for managing replication-related disorders.
  • Further research into PTMs will illuminate mechanisms of S-phase regulation.