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Related Concept Videos

Pneumothorax-II01:27

Pneumothorax-II

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Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
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Pneumothorax-I01:26

Pneumothorax-I

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A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
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Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis01:26

Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis

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Thoracentesis(Thoracocentesis), commonly known as pleural tap, is a medical procedure where a 22 gauge needle is inserted into the pleural space, the area between the lung and chest wall. This procedure is commonly performed to diagnose or treat various respiratory disorders.
Description
Excess pleural fluid or air may accumulate in some respiratory disorders in the thoracic cavity. To treat pleural effusion, a physician conducts thoracentesis by carefully piercing the chest wall and entering...
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Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

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In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
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Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology01:08

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

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Pneumothorax means the presence of air in the pleural space — the thin potential gap between the visceral and parietal pleura. This condition disrupts the normal pressure balance that keeps the lungs inflated, leading to partial or complete collapse of the affected lung.Normal physiologyUnder normal conditions, the pleural space maintains a slightly negative intrapleural pressure, which keeps the lungs expanded against the chest wall. This negative pressure creates a delicate balance...
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Trachea01:22

Trachea

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The trachea, commonly known as the windpipe, is a vital part of the human respiratory system. It serves as a passageway for air to travel between the larynx and the bronchi, allowing oxygen to reach the lungs. Let's explore its anatomical features, dimensions, layers of the tracheal wall, associated muscles, and the functions of its parts.
Anatomical Features:
Location: About half of the trachea is situated in the neck, anterior to the esophagus, and extends from the larynx (at the level of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure
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International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure

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Chylothorax in infants and children.

James D Tutor1

  • 1Program in Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Le Bonheur Children's Hospital; and St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.

Pediatrics
|April 2, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Chylothorax, or chyle in the pleural space, is a rare pediatric pleural effusion causing respiratory issues, malnutrition, and immunodeficiency. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing this condition in infants and children.

Keywords:
childrenchylothoraxinfants

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International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure
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Protocol and Guidelines for Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Diagnosing Neonatal Pulmonary Diseases Based on International Expert Consensus
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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Medicine
  • Thoracic Surgery
  • Lymphatic System Physiology

Background:

  • Chylothorax is a rare but serious condition in children, involving chyle accumulation in the pleural space.
  • It can lead to significant respiratory morbidity, malnutrition, and immunodeficiency.
  • Timely diagnosis and treatment are essential for favorable outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the anatomy and physiology of the lymphatic system relevant to chylothorax.
  • To discuss the various causes of chylothorax in infants and children.
  • To outline current diagnostic and treatment modalities, and review potential complications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pediatric chylothorax.
  • Discussion of lymphatic system anatomy and physiology.
  • Synthesis of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

Main Results:

  • Chylothorax presents a diagnostic challenge due to its rarity.
  • Multiple etiologies exist, requiring tailored management strategies.
  • Effective treatment necessitates a multidisciplinary approach.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding lymphatic system function is key to comprehending chylothorax.
  • Early identification and intervention improve patient prognosis.
  • Further research may refine treatment protocols for pediatric chylothorax.