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Ankle Joint

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...

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Multivariable dynamic ankle mechanical impedance with relaxed muscles.

Hyunglae Lee, Hermano Igo Krebs, Neville Hogan

IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering : a Publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society

|April 2, 2014

Summary

This study quantifies ankle mechanical impedance in healthy individuals, establishing a baseline for assessing neurological and biomechanical disorders affecting locomotion. Findings reveal frequency-dependent stiffness and minimal coupling between ankle movements.

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Area of Science:

Biomechanics
Robotics
Neuroscience

Background:

Neurological and biomechanical disorders can impair locomotion by altering ankle mechanical impedance.
Establishing a baseline of normal ankle properties is crucial for diagnosing and understanding these impairments.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantitatively characterize the multivariable ankle mechanical impedance in healthy subjects with relaxed muscles.
To provide a baseline for comparison with pathological ankle properties in impaired patients.
To investigate ankle impedance in two degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) simultaneously.

Main Methods:

Utilized a wearable ankle robot and multi-input multi-output stochastic system identification.
Measured ankle mechanical impedance in the sagittal and frontal planes.
Analyzed coupling between DOFs and anisotropy as a function of frequency.

Main Results:

Ankle impedance exhibited second-order system characteristics (inertia, viscosity, stiffness) in both seated and standing postures.
Sagittal plane stiffness was greater than frontal plane stiffness and increased in the standing posture.
Negligible coupling was found between dorsiflexion-plantarflexion and inversion-eversion; anisotropy showed a "peanut" shape.

Conclusions:

The characterized baseline ankle impedance provides a reference for identifying abnormalities in patients with neurological or biomechanical impairments.
The findings highlight the importance of considering multi-DOF analysis for a comprehensive understanding of ankle mechanics.
The study offers implications for improved assessment strategies for locomotor dysfunctions.