Poisson's ratio over two centuries: challenging hypotheses.

Area of Science:

• Materials Science and Engineering
• Solid Mechanics
• Physics

Background:

• Explores the historical controversy surrounding Poisson's ratio in 19th-century elasticity theory.
• Traces its evolution through 20th-century materials science and engineering.
• Highlights the shift from mathematical to observational paradigms in scientific advancement.

Purpose of the Study:

• To examine the enduring significance of Poisson's ratio.
• To illustrate its expanding applications beyond traditional elasticity.
• To reconcile competing hypotheses within materials science.

Main Methods:

• Historical analysis of scientific literature and theoretical development.
• Review of experimental advancements and their impact on materials science.
• Exploration of computational modeling in modern materials research.

Main Results:

• Poisson's ratio has remained invariant in its core concept (shape vs. volume) over two centuries.
• Its applications have broadened significantly into diverse areas like negative Poisson's ratio materials and glass formation.
• Historical scientific paradigms have shifted, emphasizing experimental accuracy.

Conclusions:

• Poisson's ratio has re-emerged as a universal metric for mechanical performance across all length scales.
• The complementarity of molecular and continuum hypotheses is recognized.
• Interdisciplinary connections are crucial for addressing contemporary scientific challenges.