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Related Concept Videos

Chambers of the Heart01:16

Chambers of the Heart

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The human heart is a complex organ made up of four chambers: the right and left atria and the right and left ventricles. These internal chambers are separated by partitions known as the interatrial and interventricular septa. The exterior of the heart features a groove known as the coronary sulcus that demarcates the atria from the ventricles, while the anterior and posterior interventricular sulci distinguish between the two ventricles.
Deoxygenated blood from the body is received in the right...
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Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

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IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
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Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

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Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
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Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

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IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
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Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

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The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send...
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Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

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Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Echocardiographic Evaluation of Atrial Communications before Transcatheter Closure
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Echocardiographic Evaluation of Atrial Communications before Transcatheter Closure

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Double-outlet left atrium: Ventriculo-atrial malalignment defect.

Sudhir S Shetkar1, Shyam S Kothari1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Annals of Pediatric Cardiology
|April 2, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A rare congenital heart defect in an infant caused heart failure and cyanosis. Echocardiography revealed abnormal atrial and ventricular connections, highlighting a unique cardiac anomaly.

Keywords:
Congenital heart defectsdouble-outlet atriumdouble-outlet left atrium

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Congenital Heart Disease
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are common birth anomalies.
  • Early diagnosis and management are crucial for infant survival.
  • Complex CHDs require detailed anatomical understanding.

Observation:

  • A four-month-old infant presented with severe symptoms of heart failure and cyanosis.
  • Echocardiography demonstrated a unique cardiac malformation.
  • No direct outlet to the right atrium was observed, only an atrial septal defect.

Findings:

  • The left atrium drained into both ventricles via two atrioventricular valves.
  • This anatomical configuration represents an extremely rare presentation of congenital heart disease.
  • The findings highlight significant deviations from typical cardiac development.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of advanced echocardiography in diagnosing rare CHDs.
  • Understanding such anomalies aids in developing targeted treatment strategies.
  • Reporting rare cases contributes valuable data for future research and clinical practice.