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Related Concept Videos

Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

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Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
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DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
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Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique involving radiopharmaceuticals — substances that emit short-lived radiation. Although the first PET scanner was introduced in 1961, it took 15 more years before radiopharmaceuticals were combined with the technique and revolutionized its potential.
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Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
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Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

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Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
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Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
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Multimodal Volumetric Retinal Imaging by Oblique Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy oSLO and Optical Coherence Tomography OCT
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Conical scan polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography.

Zenghai Lu1, Deepa Kasaragod2, Stephen J Matcher3

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, the Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, North Campus, Broad Lane, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK ; Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.

Biomedical Optics Express
|April 2, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new optical coherence tomography technique enhances articular cartilage imaging for arthroscopic use. This method maps collagen fiber brushing direction, aiding tissue engineering scaffold design.

Keywords:
(170.3880) Medical and biological imaging(170.3890) Medical optics instrumentation(170.4500) Optical coherence tomography(260.1440) Birefringence(260.5430) Polarization

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Optical Imaging
  • Biomaterials Science

Background:

  • Articular cartilage imaging is crucial for diagnosing joint diseases and guiding treatment.
  • Existing methods like split-line photography have limitations in capturing detailed collagen fiber structure.
  • Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) has shown promise but requires further development for clinical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and validate a novel articular cartilage imaging technique for potential clinical arthroscopic use.
  • To enhance polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) with a conical beam scan protocol.
  • To investigate the capability of mapping collagen fiber brushing direction in articular cartilage.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a new imaging technique by supplementing variable-incidence-angle PS-OCT with a conical beam scan protocol.
  • Validation of the technique using bovine tendon samples.
  • Comparison of experimental data with simulated data generated via extended Jones matrix calculus.

Main Results:

  • The new technique successfully images articular cartilage with potential for arthroscopic application.
  • The method accurately locates the collagen fiber brushing direction, a novel structural parameter.
  • This brushing direction is uniquely defined across the entire azimuthal-angle range (-π, + π).

Conclusions:

  • The developed optical technique offers a significant advancement in articular cartilage imaging.
  • Mapping collagen fiber brushing direction provides unique structural insights beyond current methods.
  • This information may be valuable for optimizing tissue-engineering scaffold design for cartilage repair.