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    Workload measures can be viewed as stable traits or temporary states. Analyzing workload within subjects, as states, reveals distinct patterns compared to between-subject, trait-based analyses, impacting performance correlations.

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    Area of Science:

    • Human factors and ergonomics
    • Cognitive psychology
    • Disaster response simulation

    Background:

    • Workload assessment is crucial in individual and team settings.
    • The NASA-Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) is commonly used, often aggregated globally.
    • Aggregating NASA-TLX items may obscure state vs. trait distinctions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the state versus trait aspects of task and team workload measures.
    • To differentiate between workload as a stable characteristic (trait) and a transient condition (state).

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a tsunami disaster simulation with 15 dyadic teams.
    • Administered a modified NASA-TLX, including team workload, after each of five sessions.
    • Analyzed workload items from both between-subjects (trait) and within-subjects (state) perspectives.

    Main Results:

    • Workload items demonstrated greater independence within subjects (states) than between subjects (traits).
    • Correlations between workload items and simulation performance differed significantly at state and trait levels.
    • Findings suggest workload components behave distinctly depending on whether they are analyzed as states or traits.

    Conclusions:

    • Workload characteristics can differ substantially when examined as states versus traits.
    • For research focusing on workload as a state, a within-subjects analytical approach is recommended.
    • This distinction is vital for accurate workload measurement and interpretation in various contexts.