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Leveling Equipment01:18

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As leveling involves measuring vertical distances relative to a horizontal line of sight, it requires a graduated rod, called a level rod, for vertical measurements and an instrument called a level for a horizontal sight line. A level includes a high-powered telescope with a mechanism for leveling to ensure the line of sight is horizontal when the bubble in the spirit level is centered. Leveling rods, made of wood, metal, or fiberglass, are graduated in feet or meters and commonly used in two-...
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The mechanical efficiency of a machine is a fundamental concept that describes how effectively a machine can convert input work into output work. According to this concept, the efficiency of a machine is equal to the ratio of the output work to the input work. An ideal machine, meaning a machine that has no energy losses, has an efficiency of one. This implies that the input work and the output work are equal.
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Design of Transmission Shafts01:16

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The design of a transmission shaft is governed by two primary specifications: the power it transmits and its rotational speed. These parameters guide the selection of the shaft's material and cross-sectional dimensions, ensuring that the material's maximum shearing stress remains within the elastic limit while transmitting the desired power at the given speed. The system's power is intrinsically linked to the applied torque. The torque applied to the shaft can be calculated by reconfiguring the...
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Circular Shaft - Stresses in Linear Range01:13

Circular Shaft - Stresses in Linear Range

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Consider a scenario where a circular shaft is subject to torque that remains within the boundaries of Hooke's Law, avoiding any permanent deformation. So, the formula for shearing strain is revisited. This formula is multiplied by the modulus of rigidity, and then Hooke's Law for the shearing stress and strain is applied. As a result, the equation for shearing stress in a shaft can be derived.
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In the site survey of a four-sided traverse, internal angles are essential to ensure geometric accuracy. The survey revealed that the sum of the measured internal angles was 359 degrees and 48 minutes, which is 12 minutes less than the expected 360 degrees. This discrepancy signals an error likely arising from measurement inaccuracies during the fieldwork.To rectify this error, the adjustment process involved distributing the 12-minute shortfall equally across the four internal angles. By...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Application of Design Aspects in Uniaxial Loading Machine Development
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Development of a machine for automatically measuring static/dynamic running parallelism in linear guideways.

Tung-Hsien Hsieh1, Hsueh-Liang Huang1, Wen-Yuh Jywe1

  • 1Department of Automation Engineering, National Formosa University, No. 64, Wunhua Rd., Huwei Township, Yunlin County 632, Taiwan.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|April 3, 2014
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Summary

A new machine automatically measures linear guideway parallelism, significantly reducing measurement time by 80%. This innovation enhances accuracy and efficiency in manufacturing, providing precise digital analysis for quality control.

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Area of Science:

  • Manufacturing Engineering
  • Metrology
  • Mechanical Engineering

Background:

  • Accurate measurement of static and dynamic running parallelism is critical in the linear guideway manufacturing industry.
  • Traditional measurement systems can be time-consuming and may have limitations in speed and measurement length.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an automated machine for measuring static and dynamic running parallelism of linear guideways.
  • To improve the efficiency and accuracy of parallelism measurements in the manufacturing process.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an automatic measurement machine integrating a running parallelism measurement system, linear motor, precision granite air-suspension table, and PC-based human-machine interface.
  • Simultaneous measurement of horizontal and vertical running parallelism.
  • Digitalization and analysis of measured parallelism data to detect turning points.

Main Results:

  • The developed machine measures both horizontal and vertical running parallelism with high accuracy, unaffected by the measurement platform.
  • Achieved a standard deviation of 0.4 μm for the running parallelism measurement system.
  • Measurement time is approximately 10 seconds per 1000 mm length (0.1 m/s), representing an 80% reduction compared to traditional systems.

Conclusions:

  • The automated machine provides a faster and accurate solution for measuring linear guideway running parallelism.
  • The system's digital analysis capabilities enhance quality control by detecting critical turning points.
  • This technology offers significant advantages in manufacturing efficiency and precision for linear guideways.