Killer immunoglobulin like receptor gene content diversity among Northern Indian population

Genes encoding KIR receptors are clustered in one of the most variable regions of the human genome. KIR gene frequencies vary in worldwide populations and reveal high probability of individuals differing in their gene content.

This study aimed to investigate KIR diversity among the northern Indian population who share features with either Western Eurasian or East Asian populations. It sought to decipher how northern Indians are associated phylogenetically with global populations whilst also focusing on differentiation of populations.

This paper studied 867 northern Indians using PCR-SSP. Gene and genotypic frequencies were calculated, using statistical analyses. Findings were compared against 76 global populations of differing ethnicities.

This northern Indian population shared characteristics with Western Eurasian or Asian Indian populations, as is evident from genetic distance, clustered heatmap, phylogenetic assessment and principal component analysis. The findings are consistent with the demographic history of northern India, including specific features, such as presence of comparatively high KIR B-haplotype as compared to A-haplotype.

KIR frequencies and profiles of northern Indians were more similar to Western Eurasians, Africans and Asian Indians. This may suggest that KIR genes are under constant evolutionary pressures and selection, which may be linked to different invading pathogens.