Functional polymorphism in aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 gene associated with risk of tuberculosis
Seung Kyu Park, Choon-Sik Park, Hyo-Suk Lee
1Department of Genetic Epidemiology, SNP Genetics, Inc,, 1 Shinsu-dong, Mapo-gu, Seoul 121-742, Republic of Korea. hdshin@sogang.ac.kr.
Background:
The well-known genetic polymorphisms in ADH1B(His47Arg) and ALDH2(Glu487Lys) have dramatic effects on the rate of metabolizing alcohol and acetaldehyde. We investigated possible involvement of these functional polymorphisms in other common complex-trait diseases.
Methods:
The genetic effects of these two polymorphisms on hepatitis, asthma, type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and tuberculosis (TB) were examined in a Korean population.
Results:
We demonstrated that the well-known functional polymorphism of a primary alcohol-metabolizing enzyme (ALDH2 Glu487Lys) has a strong genetic association with the risk of TB. The frequency of the minor allele (ALDH2*487Lys) was found to be much lower in TB patients (freq. = 0.099/n = 477) than among controls (freq. = 0.162/n = 796) (P = 0.00001, OR (95% confidential interval) = 0.57 (0.45-0.74)). Our data may indicate that TB was once an endemic disease, which exerted selection pressure for higher frequencies of ALDH2*487Lys in Asian populations. In addition, the calculated attributable fraction (AF) indicates that 39.5% of TB patients can attribute their disease to the detrimental effects of ALDH2Glu487Glu.
Conclusion:
Our results suggest that this polymorphism is one of the genetic components of TB, at least in the Korean population.
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