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[Diseases of the airways]
1Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland, dettmer.sabine@mh-hannover.de.
Der Radiologe
|April 3, 2014
Summary
Airway diseases like bronchitis and emphysema are increasing. Computed tomography (CT) imaging, especially expiratory scans, aids in diagnosing these common bronchial pathologies by analyzing bronchial wall thickness and air trapping.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonology and Radiology
- Medical Imaging of the Respiratory System
Background:
- Airway diseases, including bronchitis, emphysema, and bronchiolitis, present common symptomatic patterns with increasing prevalence.
- These pathologies are frequently observed as primary conditions or secondary findings in other diseases, such as cancer.
Purpose of the Study:
- To outline characteristic imaging techniques for airway diseases.
- To differentiate diagnostic patterns between large and small airway diseases.
- To highlight the role of computed tomography (CT) in diagnosing bronchial pathologies.
Main Methods:
- Utilizing computed tomography (CT) acquisition, particularly expiratory scans for occlusive airway diseases.
- Employing quantitative CT image analysis to measure lung parenchyma and bronchial wall thickness.
- Correlating imaging findings with clinical data and disease distribution for diagnosis.
Main Results:
- Large airway diseases (e.g., bronchitis, cystic fibrosis) show bronchial wall thickening, bronchiectasis, and mucus impaction.
- Small airway diseases (e.g., emphysema, asthma, bronchiolitis) exhibit tree-in-bud patterns and air trapping.
- CT findings, while often unspecific morphologically, are crucial for diagnosis when combined with clinical information.
Conclusions:
- Computed tomography (CT) is a key imaging modality for evaluating diverse airway diseases.
- Distinguishing between large and small airway disease patterns on CT aids in diagnosis.
- Quantitative CT analysis and correlation with clinical context are essential for accurate diagnosis of bronchial pathologies.
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