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Transglutaminase regulation of cell function.

Richard L Eckert, Mari T Kaartinen, Maria Nurminskaya

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    Transglutaminases (TGs) are vital proteins regulating cell fate and survival. This review explores their structure, function, and roles in diseases like cancer, clarifying their physiological importance.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
    • Cell Biology
    • Disease Pathogenesis

    Background:

    • Transglutaminases (TGs) are enzymes with critical roles in cellular processes.
    • These proteins possess both enzymatic and scaffolding functions.
    • TGs are implicated in the development and progression of various diseases.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the multifaceted roles of transglutaminases.
    • To elucidate the mechanisms of TG action, regulation, and downstream effects.
    • To clarify the physiological significance of TGs in health and disease.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of studies on transglutaminases.
    • Analysis of TG structure and function.
    • Examination of TG involvement in cell differentiation, survival, signal transduction, and cancer.

    Main Results:

    • TGs influence cell differentiation and survival through their enzymatic and scaffolding activities.
    • TG dysregulation is linked to cancer development and progression.
    • TG levels are tightly controlled, and they modulate numerous downstream targets.

    Conclusions:

    • Transglutaminases play crucial roles in normal cellular functions.
    • Understanding TGs is key to comprehending disease mechanisms.
    • Further research on TGs can reveal therapeutic targets for various conditions.