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Related Concept Videos

Rab Cascades01:25

Rab Cascades

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Rab GTPases act in a regulated cascade during membrane fusion, helping the lipid bilayers mix. The Rab family of proteins are active when bound to GTP, and inactive when bound to GDP. Hence, they act as guanine nucleotide-dependent molecular switches. Rab-GTP recognizes and binds to long or short-range tethering proteins to capture the target vesicle. These tethers coordinate with SNAREs on the vesicle and the target membrane to assemble the trans SNARE complex that locks the mixing bilayers.
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Poisson's Ratio01:23

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Poisson's ratio is a material property that indicates their stress response. It explains the connection between the elongation or compression a material undergoes in the direction of an applied force and the contraction or expansion it experiences perpendicular to that force. When a slender bar is loaded axially, it stretches in the direction of the force and contracts laterally. Poisson's ratio is the negative ratio of this lateral contraction to the axial elongation. The negative sign...
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Membrane-enclosed structures called vesicles transport proteins and lipids across the cell. The vesicles derive their cargo from the plasma membrane, Golgi, ER, or endosome. Coated vesicles are spherical, protein-coated carriers with a 50–100 nm diameter that mediate bidirectional transport between the ER and the Golgi. The distribution of proteins between the ER and Golgi complex is dynamic and is maintained by different coated vesicles. Their formation is driven by the assembly of...
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Cerebrospinal Fluid01:21

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Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a colorless liquid that flows around the brain and the spinal cord, playing a vital role in the protection, support, and overall function of the central nervous system (CNS). CSF production, circulation, and absorption are tightly regulated processes essential for the brain and spinal cord to function properly.
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Crown Ethers02:36

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Crown ethers are cyclic polyethers that contain multiple oxygen atoms, usually arranged in a regular pattern. The first crown ether was synthesized by Charles Pederson while working at DuPont in 1967. For this work, Pedersen was co-awarded the 1987 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Crown ethers are named using the formula x-crown-y, where x is the total number of atoms in the ring and y is the number of ether oxygen atoms. The term 'crown' refers to the crown-like shape that these ether molecules take.
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Imagine adding a small amount of sugar to a glass of water, stirring until all the sugar has dissolved, and then adding a bit more. You can repeat this process until the sugar concentration of the solution reaches its natural limit, a limit determined primarily by the relative strengths of the solute-solute, solute-solvent, and solvent-solvent attractive forces. You can be certain that you have reached this limit because, no matter how long you stir the solution, undissolved sugar remains. The...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Cortisol Extraction from Sturgeon Fin and Jawbone Matrices
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It isn't always caviar.

Yvonne Flammer Anikpeh1, Felix Grimm, Nicole Lindenblatt

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

BMJ Case Reports
|April 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary

A rare human infection with Taenia crassiceps tapeworm larvae caused necrotising fasciitis in an HIV-positive woman. Successful treatment involved surgery, anthelmintics, and antiretroviral therapy.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Parasitology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunocompromised Host Research

Background:

  • Human infections with Taenia crassiceps (Cestodea: Taeniidae) are infrequent, primarily affecting immunocompetent individuals.
  • The tapeworm Taenia crassiceps is endemic in canids (dogs and foxes) in the Northern Hemisphere.

Observation:

  • A 47-year-old HIV-positive woman presented with symptoms indicative of necrotising fasciitis in her right forearm.
  • Surgical exploration revealed larval Taenia crassiceps (cysticerci), identified morphologically and confirmed molecularly via rRNA gene sequencing.

Findings:

  • This case highlights a rare instance of severe necrotising fasciitis caused by Taenia crassiceps larvae in an immunocompromised patient.
  • The study details a successful, multi-modal treatment approach combining extensive surgery, prolonged anthelmintic medication, and antiretroviral therapy.

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Implications:

  • This case expands the understanding of Taenia crassiceps pathogenesis in humans, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.
  • The successful treatment strategy offers valuable insights for managing rare parasitic infections and emphasizes the importance of combined therapeutic modalities.