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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
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Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

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Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
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Pneumonia I: Introduction01:29

Pneumonia I: Introduction

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Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Other Pulmonary Disorders01:17

Other Pulmonary Disorders

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Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
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Author Spotlight: Advancing Pathogen Detection and Disease Assessment in Real-Time Using M-ROSE
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Primary pulmonary cryptococcosis.

Mehrnaz Asadi Gharabaghi1, Seyyed Farshad Allameh

  • 1Department of Respiratory Diseases, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.

BMJ Case Reports
|April 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary

A rare case of primary pulmonary cryptococcosis occurred in a young woman during late pregnancy. Prompt diagnosis via lung biopsy and 6-month fluconazole treatment led to a full recovery.

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Mycology

Background:

  • Primary pulmonary cryptococcosis is a rare fungal infection, often presenting insidiously.
  • Cryptococcus species, particularly Cryptococcus neoformans, are the causative agents.
  • Risk factors can include immunosuppression, but primary infection can occur in immunocompetent individuals.

Observation:

  • A 25-year-old pregnant woman, conceived via in vitro fertilization, presented with prolonged cough, dyspnea, and night sweats.
  • Chest imaging revealed bilateral airspace consolidation and cavitary lesions.
  • Symptoms began in the third trimester of pregnancy.

Findings:

  • Surgical lung biopsy confirmed primary pulmonary cryptococcosis, a fungal pneumonia.
  • The patient was treated with oral fluconazole 400 mg daily for six months.

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  • Complete clinical recovery was achieved after the treatment course.

    • Implications:

    • This case highlights the importance of considering fungal pneumonias in pregnant women with respiratory symptoms.
    • Early diagnosis and appropriate antifungal therapy are crucial for favorable outcomes.
    • Pulmonary cryptococcosis can occur even in the absence of overt immunosuppression.