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Acute bronchiolitis in infants, a review

Knut Øymar1, Håvard Ove Skjerven, Ingvild Bruun Mikalsen

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, Stavanger University Hospital, PO Box 8100, N-4068 Stavanger, Norway. knut.oymar@sus.no.

Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine
|April 4, 2014
PubMed

Insights

This article summarizes the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis of acute viral bronchiolitis in infants. Key treatments include oxygen, fluid therapy, and minimal handling, with ventilation for severe cases.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Acute viral bronchiolitis is a frequent cause of infant emergency room visits.
  • Physicians frequently encounter this condition in acutely ill children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis of viral bronchiolitis in infants.
  • To provide guidelines for the treatment of bronchiolitis in infants.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on viral bronchiolitis.
  • Focus on established and emerging treatment strategies.
  • Discussion of supportive care and respiratory support.

Main Results:

  • Cornerstones of management include oxygen administration and fluid therapy.
  • A "minimal handling approach" is recommended.
  • Inhaled adrenaline has sparse evidence; hypertonic saline is an optional treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Non-invasive and invasive ventilation may be necessary for respiratory failure.
  • Treatment algorithms should be applicable across care levels and reflect local factors.
  • Effective management requires a comprehensive approach to infant respiratory illness.

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