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Three-dimensional liver motion tracking using real-time two-dimensional MRI.

Lau Brix1, Steffen Ringgaard2, Thomas Sangild Sørensen3

  • 1Department of Procurement and Clinical Engineering, Region Midt, Olof Palmes Allé 15, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark and MR Research Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Brendstrupgaardsvej 100, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a new method for real-time 3D tracking of liver motion using 2D MRI scans. The technique enables precise localization for integrated MR-Linac systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Radiotherapy Technology
  • Image-Guided Interventions

Background:

  • Combined magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and linear accelerator (LINAC) systems (MR-Linacs) are emerging for advanced radiotherapy.
  • Real-time target localization is crucial for MR-Linac accuracy, necessitating improved tracking methods for dynamic anatomical targets like the liver.
  • Current MRI offers high soft-tissue contrast but requires new techniques for rapid 3D spatial localization during procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a novel method for tracking three-dimensional (3D) respiratory liver motion.
  • To achieve high temporal and spatial resolution in tracking using two-dimensional (2D) real-time MRI image series.
  • To enable precise real-time 3D target localization for integrated MR-Linac systems.

Main Methods:

  • A 3D MRI scan was used to create a library of 2D image templates.
  • Real-time 2D MRI series were acquired, and a tracking algorithm identified the best matching template and its position.
  • This process quantified both in-plane and through-plane motion, enabling 3D localization of liver structures in five healthy volunteers.

Main Results:

  • The developed method successfully generated 3D respiratory motion curves for liver structures in all volunteers.
  • Motion directionality and amplitude were consistent between in-plane and through-plane measurements.
  • Mean peak-to-peak breathing amplitudes were 1.6 mm (LR), 11.0 mm (CC), and 2.5 mm (AP), with a watermelon phantom showing root-mean-square errors of 0.52 mm (in-plane) and 0.87 mm (through-plane).

Conclusions:

  • A robust method for 3D tracking in 2D MRI series was successfully developed and demonstrated for liver motion.
  • This technique provides accurate real-time 3D localization capabilities.
  • The method is suitable for integration with emerging MR-Linac systems for image-guided radiotherapy.