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Related Concept Videos

Appendicitis01:19

Appendicitis

29
Appendicitis is an acute inflammatory condition of the vermiform appendix, most commonly caused by obstruction of its lumen. The appendix is a narrow, blind-ended pouch that extends from the cecum, making it particularly prone to obstruction. Causes include fecaliths, lymphoid hyperplasia (often after viral infections), parasites, tumors, or foreign bodies. This obstruction initiates a cascade of pathological changes.Luminal Obstruction and Early InflammationAfter obstruction, normal mucosal...
29
Appendicitis-II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:29

Appendicitis-II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

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Diagnosing and managing appendicitis requires a structured and comprehensive approach that spans from initial assessment to postoperative care. Here is an overview of the process:
Diagnosing Appendicitis
It requires a multifaceted approach, starting with a detailed physical examination to pinpoint the location and nature of the pain and identify any associated symptoms. Laboratory tests play a crucial role. A complete Blood Count (CBC) typically reveals leukocytosis (an increased number of...
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Appendicitis-I: Introduction01:22

Appendicitis-I: Introduction

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The appendix, a small, narrow, blind tube extending from the inferior part of the cecum, is widely regarded as a vestigial organ, having lost much of its original function through evolution. Despite its diminished role, the appendix can become inflamed, a condition known as appendicitis.
Etiology: Appendicitis can arise from various causes, primarily rooted in the obstruction of the appendix lumen. Factors contributing to this obstruction include fecal accumulation, lymphoid hyperplasia and, in...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management01:21

Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management

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Surgical interventions for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are essential in managing symptoms and addressing complications. The selection of surgical procedures is contingent upon the specific conditions and complications that stem from these illnesses.
Here are some common surgical interventions for IBD:
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Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

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Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis

34
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Murine Appendectomy Model of Chronic Colitis Associated Colorectal Cancer by Precise Localization of Caecal Patch
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Autophagy suppression by appendicitis and appendectomy protects against colitis.

Rajkumar Cheluvappa1, Annie S Luo, Michael C Grimm

  • 1Department of Medicine, St. George Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
|April 4, 2014
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Summary

Appendectomy (AA) suppresses autophagy in the colon, offering protection against ulcerative colitis. This study identified key autophagy genes involved in this protective mechanism, revealing potential therapeutic targets for inflammatory bowel disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Appendicitis followed by appendectomy (AA) in youth confers protection against later-life ulcerative colitis.
  • A murine model of AA was developed to investigate its protective mechanisms.
  • Previous studies demonstrated AA ameliorates colitis in this model.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if autophagy genes contribute to the anti-colitis protection from AA.
  • To identify specific autophagy-linked genes involved in AA-mediated protection.

Main Methods:

  • Mice underwent either AA or sham-sham procedures.
  • Distal colon RNA was analyzed using microarray and RT-PCR.
  • Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was employed to interpret microarray data.

Main Results:

  • Seven of 28 autophagy genes investigated are associated with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD).
  • AA upregulated IRGM1, FIP200, and ATG04A, but significantly downregulated 74 gene sets, including 22 linked to IBD-associated autophagy genes.
  • VPS15, LAMP2, LC3A, XBP1, and ULK1 showed the greatest AA-induced gene set suppression.

Conclusions:

  • AA profoundly suppresses autophagy in the distal colon.
  • This suppression may reduce antigen processing, leading to decreased cross-reactive immunity and colitis amelioration.
  • Upregulation of specific genes might represent compensatory responses or initial abnormalities driving autophagy suppression.