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Updated: May 1, 2026

Oral Combinational Antiretroviral Treatment in HIV-1 Infected Humanized Mice
Published on: October 6, 2022
HIV outcomes in Hepatitis B virus coinfected individuals on HAART
Helen M Chun1, Octavio Mesner, Chloe L Thio
1*Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD; †Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; ‡US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD; §Division of Infectious Diseases, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD; ‖Infectious Disease Clinic, Naval Medical Center, San Diego, CA; ¶Division of Infectious Diseases, Naval Medical Center, Portsmouth, VA; and #Bellin Health Green Bay and Clinica Hispana, Green Bay, WI.
Background:
Understanding the impact of hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfection on HIV outcomes in the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era continues to be a critical priority given the high prevalence of coinfection and the potential for impaired immunologic, virologic, and clinical recovery.
Methods:
Participants from the US Military HIV Natural History Study with an HIV diagnosis on HAART and serologically confirmed HBV infection status at HAART initiation (HI) were classified into 4 HBV infection (HB) groups. HIV virologic, immunologic, and clinical outcomes were evaluated by HB status.
Results:
Of 2536 HIV-positive HAART recipients, with HBV testing results available to determine HB status in the HI window, HB status at HI was classified as HB negative (n = 1505; 66%), resolved HB (n = 518; 23%), isolated hepatitis B core antigen (n = 139; 6%), or chronic HB (n = 131; 6%). HIV virologic suppression and failure at 6 months or 1 year were not significantly different by HB status. A significantly faster rate of increase in CD4 cell count during the period between 4 and 12 years was observed for chronic HB relative to HB negative. Chronic and resolved HB were associated with an increased risk of AIDS/death compared with HB-negative individuals (chronic HB-hazard ratio = 1.68, 95% confidence interval: 1.05 to 2.68; resolved HB-hazard ratio = 1.61, 95% confidence interval: 1.15 to 2.25).
Conclusions:
HB status did not have a significant impact on HIV virologic outcomes, however, CD4 cell count reconstitution after HI and the risk of an AIDS event or death after HI may be associated with HB status.
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The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Retroviruses

