Contribution of platelets indices in the development of contrast-induced nephropathy

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Cardiology
• Hematology

Background:

• Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a significant cause of hospital-acquired renal failure, prolonging hospital stays and predicting poor outcomes.
• The exact mechanisms underlying CIN remain multifactorial and not fully understood.
• The association between platelet indices, specifically mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW), and CIN has not been previously investigated.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the correlation between MPV and PDW levels and the development of CIN in patients with acute coronary syndrome.
• To identify independent predictors of CIN in this patient population.

Main Methods:

• A prospective study evaluated 430 patients diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome.
• CIN incidence was assessed, and initial creatinine, MPV, PDW levels, and contrast media volume were recorded.
• Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of CIN.

Main Results:

• The incidence of CIN was 20.5%.
• Patients who developed CIN had higher initial creatinine, PDW levels, and received a greater total volume of contrast media.
• Multivariate analysis identified total contrast media volume, age, and increased PDW levels as independent predictors of CIN. MPV was not significantly associated with CIN.

Conclusions:

• Increased platelet distribution width (PDW) is an independent predictor of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients with acute coronary syndrome.
• Mean platelet volume (MPV) was not found to be associated with CIN development.
• The findings suggest a potential role for platelet activation in the pathogenesis of CIN, warranting further investigation.